“…The fitted PGPI NGARCH 13 (1, 1) model shows an amelioration comparing to the I NGARCH(1, 13) model (Ferland et al (2006) [1]) and also to the PI NGARCH 13 (1, 1) model (Bentarzi and Bentarzi (2017) [15]), in terms of the Sum of Squared Errors SSE and R 2 results, computed for each model, listed in Table 5. On the other hand, the fitted PGPI NGARCH 13 (1, 1) does not show an improvement compared to the Mixture PI N ARCH 13 (2; 1, 1) model (Ouzzani and Bentarzi (2019) [22]), and this is due to the fact that the series seems to be exhibiting a bimodality. can be improved for a larger size.…”