On Male-Specific Estrogen Action

BackgroundThe association of rs3757354 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the E3 ubiquitin ligase myosin regulatory light chain-interacting protein (MYLIP, also known as IDOL) gene and serum lipid levels is not well known in the general population. The present study aimed to detect the association of rs3757354 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.MethodA total of 627 subjects of Bai Ku Yao minority and 614 participants of Han nationality were randomly selected from our stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the rs3757354 SNP was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing.ResultsThe levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < 0.05-0.001). The frequency of G allele was 49.92% in Bai Ku Yao and 56.27% in Han (P < 0.05). The frequencies of AA, GA and GG genotypes were 25.52%, 49.12% and 25.36% in Bai Ku Yao, and 19.87%, 47.72% and 32.41% in Han (P < 0.05); respectively. There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between males and females in both ethnic groups. The levels of HDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were different among the genotypes (P < 0.05), the G allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C levels than the G allele noncarriers. The levels TC, HDL-C and ApoAI in Han were different among the genotypes (P < 0.05 for all), the participants with GA genotype had lower serum TC, HDL-C and ApoAI levels than the participants with AA genotype. These findings were found only in females but not in males. The levels of TG and HDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with the genotypes, whereas the levels of TC in Han, and TC, LDL-C in Han females were associated with the genotypes (P < 0.05 for all). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with age, sex, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, and body mass index in both ethnic groups (P < 0.05-0.001).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that the MYLIP rs3757354 SNP is associated with serum TC, HDL-C and ApoAI levels in the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. But the association is different between the two ethnic groups.

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“…Furthermore, Banka et al . [37] and Kararigas et al . [38] found that MYLIP is a sex-specific element influencing contractile function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of MYLIP rs3757354 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Yan

Yin

et al. 2012

Lipids Health Dis

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“…These elevated oestrogen levels in men are suggested to be responsible for the age‐related changes in cardiac gene expression (see below). However, Banka () pointed out that longitudinal studies revealed a significant age‐dependent decrease in estradiol bioavailability in men, whereas there was a high increase in estradiol levels associated with obesity. This adipose tissue‐dependent increase in estradiol synthesis in men may account in part, for the increased risk of CVD associated with obesity and with the increase in cardiovascular events observed in a study on men treated for prostate cancer with high dose of diethylstilbestrol (Ferrini and Barrett‐Connor, ) or of polyestradiol phosphate (Hedlund et al ., ).…”

Section: Sex Hormones and Receptors Effect On Target Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of biological sex on the pathophysiology of the heart

Fazal

Azibani

Vodovar

et al. 2014

British J Pharmacology

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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in men and women in industrialized countries. While the effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known, the sex-specific mechanisms mediating these processes have been further elucidated over recent years. This review aims at analysing the sex-based differences in cardiac structure and function in adult mammals, and the sex-based differences in the main molecular mechanisms involved in the response of the heart to pathological situations. It emerged from this review that the sex-based difference is a variable that should be dealt with, not only in basic science or clinical research, but also with regards to therapeutic approaches. LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on Biological Sex and Cardiovascular Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-3 Abbreviations AR, androgen receptor; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DOCA, deoxycorticosterone acetate; E-C, excitation-contraction; ET-1, endothelin-1; ER, oestrogen receptor; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; LV, left ventricular; MI, myocardial infarction; NP, natriuretic peptide; PCH, pathological cardiac hypertrophy; PR, progesterone receptor; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SERCA, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase; TAC, thoracic aorta constriction; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in men and women in industrialized countries. Over the last decade, while little change was noticed on the sex ratio of cohorts in the majority of CVD studies (Mosca et al., 2011), several clinical trials provided evidence that sex is an important determinant of cardiovascular events in patients with vascular diseases or high-risk diabetes mellitus. Indeed, female diabetic patients had a higher risk for acute myocardial infarction compared to male diabetics (Kappert et al., 2012). Women also exhibited a marked increase in the incidence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy after the menopause, when the prevalence of arterial hypertension increases (Lopez-Ruiz et al., 2008). Furthermore, women generally display better cardiac function and survival in the face of CVD than men, although this advantage is lost when comparing postmenopausal women with age-matched men (Fujimoto et al., 2013).The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular physiology or pathology have long been known, but the biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences started to be unravelled over the last decades. Indeed, sex steroid hormones (oestrogens in female, testosterone in male) contribute significantly to the sex-based differences in the outcome of cardiac diseases, although the contribution of environmental oestrogen-like molecules, such as phytoestrogens, must not be neglected. Thus, hormonal therapy such as the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause using synthetic oestrogens and progesterone, while broadly debated, may help...

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“…An editorial from Banka (209) frames the current estrogen debate and provides a clear perspective on the sex-specific findings reported by Kararigas et al (210) showing that estrogen actions in the heart are different between men and women. E2 treatment of male cardiac myocytes led to decreased cardiac function mediated through the stimulation of myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein leading to a decrease in myosin regulatory light chain.…”

Section: Genetics and Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%