On‐Line PAT Applications of Spectroscopy in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Potentialin situpreparation of aliphatic polyamide‐based nanocomposites: The organoclay‐polyamide salt interaction

“…The relevant technique has been extensively and successfully applied on polyamides of aminoacid or lactam starting monomers, such as polycaproamide (PA 6) 1, 16. Dissimilarly, the application of in situ intercalative polyamidation when starting monomers are either diamine–diacid equimolecular solution or their dry salt is rare in published literature 1, 17–20…”

“…Based on the limited literature on in situ intercalative polyamidation, the achievement of exfoliated structures seems to be case sensitive, depending on the nature of matrix,18 polymerization conditions,18 montmorillonite type, as well as the surfactant used 17, 18. Indeed, Goettler and Joardar18 reported the formation of PA 6,6–clay nanocomposites via in situ solution‐melt (SM) polycondensation, highlighting the dependence of fully exfoliated structure on the absence of ionic exposure during polymerization. The latter would be ideally achieved—as therein proposed—by inserting the organoclay in the melt state of the polymerization following water removal.…”

Innate immunity and acetaminophen-induced liver injury: Why so many controversies?

“…One of the most critical issues when interfacing an invasive probe into a unit operation is the propensity for probe fouling or blinding 14–19. Probe fouling or blinding is an event where the material being analyzed sticks to the probe face creating either a film or surface layer of material across the probe.…”

“…Once this occurs, the probe is essentially blind and cannot appropriately sample the surrounding environment. Many examples exist of this problem in both pharmaceutical applications14,15 of online probes and other industries 16–19…”

Process Analytical Technology for Crystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

“…Application of PAT tools in design and development of crystallization processes can significantly contribute to identification and understanding the sources of variability in the process, thereby to produce consistent quality APIs. Currently, these tools are gaining popularity in pharmaceutical industry, especially in formulation processes [45][46][47]. However, application of these tools in crystallization of APIs is still in the developing phase and gaining momentum after the encouragement by regulatory authorities as well as the demand for continuous manufacturing processes to improve the efficiency.…”