On-line monitoring of Soxhlet extraction by chromatography and mass spectrometry to reveal temporal extract profiles

Chen, Ssu-Ying; Urban, Pawel L.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.003

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Apart from data acquisition systems, some manufacturers provide specialized relay boards incorporating communication interfaces, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or USB . Examples of their implementation in chemistry-related projects can also be found in the literature. − Similarly, Thorlabs provides specialized laboratory equipment (e.g., motorized labjack) and dedicated software to facilitate instrument control and integration into experimental systems . Examples of various uses of the professional grade electronic controllers and DAQ systems useful in chemistry research are discussed in section .…”

Section: Electronic Modules For Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prominent example is the use of an electromechanical relay to switch on/off a device. In turn, relays can be used to actuate valves on liquid ducts ,− or gas transfer lines. ,− Relays can also be used to control a light source, − DC motor, ,,, pumps (e.g., peristaltic or syringe pump), ,,,,,− other actuators (e.g., DC electromagnet, solenoid push-type linear actuator), Peltier elements, , or the power supply to an entire experimental setup involving multiple electromechanical devices in a chemistry laboratory. , …”

Section: Integration Of Electronic Control Systems With Laboratory Eq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Prabhu

Urban

2020

Chem. Rev.

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With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one’s imagination.

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Section: Electronic Modules For Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integration Of Electronic Control Systems With Laboratory Eq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Prabhu

Urban

2020

Chem. Rev.

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“…In some cases, the newly developed ion sources allowed chemists to analyze matrix-rich samples, which could normally produce spectral interferences. In an alternative approach, modifications to the conventional ionization schemes are minimized, while the sample preparation (extraction) is conducted on-line and automated (e.g., references 15,16,17,18 ). The measurement system presented here 4 exemplifies that notion because the extraction process is combined with a conventional ionization technique (i.e., APCI 19,20 , cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Yang

Chang

Urban

2017

JoVE

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Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to the gas phase, and efficiently transferred to a detection system. Fizzy extraction takes advantage of the effervescence phenomenon. First, a carrier gas (here, carbon dioxide) is dissolved in the sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. Second, the sample chamber is decompressed abruptly. Decompression leads to the formation of numerous carrier gas bubbles in the sample liquid. These bubbles assist the release of the dissolved analyte species from the liquid to the gas phase. The released analytes are immediately transferred to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ionizable analyte species give rise to mass spectrometric signals in the time domain. Because the release of the analyte species occurs over short periods of time (a few seconds), the temporal signals have high amplitudes and high signal-to-noise ratios. The amplitudes and areas of the temporal peaks can then be correlated with concentrations of the analytes in the liquid samples subjected to fizzy extraction, which enables quantitative analysis. The advantages of fizzy extraction include: simplicity, speed, and limited use of chemicals (solvents).

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“…With a well-designed interface, on-line analysis can, to a large extent, eliminate the random errors in off-line collection and subsequent sample preparation procedures, as well as shorten the total run time. There have been several studies in the literature describing the hyphenation of different extraction techniques with on-line chromatographic analysis [8–12]. In most of these applications, the interface is a switching valve consisting of two positions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic extraction coupled on-line to liquid chromatography with a parallel sampling interface—a proof of concept for monitoring extraction kinetics

et al. 2019

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On-line hyphenation of extraction with chromatography has been explored in several different types of combinations. However, monitoring the complete process of a dynamic, continuous-flow extraction is not possible with any hyphenated system reported so far. The current work demonstrates that this challenging task can be effectively fulfilled by using a parallel sampling interface, which mimics the concept of comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. In this study, pressurised hot water extraction was coupled on-line with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The set-up was utilised in a kinetic study of dynamic pressurised hot water extraction of curcuminoids from turmeric powder. Compound-specific extraction curves were obtained, which clearly indicated the rate-limiting factors of the extraction processes under different conditions. Additionally, thermal degradation of curcumin during the extraction could also be demonstrated in some of the extractions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00216-019-01849-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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On-line monitoring of Soxhlet extraction by chromatography and mass spectrometry to reveal temporal extract profiles

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Dynamic extraction coupled on-line to liquid chromatography with a parallel sampling interface—a proof of concept for monitoring extraction kinetics

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