On‐line extraction and separation by supercritical fluid chromatography with packed columns

Abstract

The application of fluid extraction in combination with fluid chromatography with packed column and flame ionization detection is described. Fluid chromatographic equipment is shown. Applications of this system to drug characterization are demonstrated.

The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.)

“…In SFE, carbon dioxide is used predominantly (KAL- LIO et al 1994;ENGELHARDT, GROSS 1988;BOUNOS-HITA et al 1993) for its low critical temperature (31°C) and pressure (7.38 MPa), non-toxicity, incombustibility 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 Harvest area (ha) 9,500 5,000 1,900 2,100 2,400…”

Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis

“…It is also the best known commercial application of SFE (caffeine from coffee) . Several publications describe the conditions and experimental arrangement necessary to extract caffeine from coffee or tea (Williams, 1981;Sugiyama et al, 1985;Skelton et al, 1986;Engelhardt and Gross, 1988;Jenkins et al, 1991). Since we do not wish to avoid this topic, an HPLC trace from one of the earlier analytical papers on the topic is shown in Figure 6.13 (Sugiyama et al, 1985).…”

Integration of normal phase liquid chromatography with supercritical fluid chromatography for analysis of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum

“…SFC has been coupled with a number of separation techniques, such as SFC-SFC [23], SFC-GC [24], and SFE-SFC [25]. However, few studies have been reported about coupling SFC to HPLC, which is possibly due to the incompatibility of solvents and differences in operational pressure.…”