On-line electrogenerated Ru(bpy)33+ chemiluminescent detection of β-blockers separated with capillary electrophoresis

Forbes, Garrett A; Nieman, Timothy A.; Sweedler, Jonathan V.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00157-8

Cited by 93 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Most of the first contributions appeared before 2000 suffered from poor separation efficiency, low sensitivity and complicated instrumentation. In those studies, RuðbpyÞ 21 3 was added either to the CE running buffer and converted to RuðbpyÞ 31 3 at the exit end of the capillary by use of a separate working electrode [28] or in a small reservoir at the interface between the separation capillary and the working electrode, which was then used to oxidize RuðbpyÞ 21 3 to RuðbpyÞ 31 3 [29][30][31]. Additionally, RuðbpyÞ 31 3 was generated in situ at the interface.…”

Section: Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

2010

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Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresisThe present review presents the state of the art of the developments, key strategies and analytical applications of chemiluminescence detection coupled to CE (CE-CL). Different parts considering the most common CL systems have been included, such as the tris(2,2 0 -bipyridine)ruthenium(II) system, the luminol and derivatives reaction, the peroxyoxalate CL or direct oxidations. New advances in homemade configurations and applications in different fields such as clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis have been included. The focus is on studies which appeared from 2000 to the end of 2009.

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Section: Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

2010

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“…26 Since the first report of Ru(bpy)3 2+ ECL in 1972, 27 Ru(bpy)3 2+ ECL as a sensitive detection method has been widely used for both analytical and bioanalytical purposes, coupled with flow-injection analysis (FIA), [28][29][30]31 and CE. [32][33][34][35][36] Recently, a great number of papers about the Ru(bpy)3 2+ CE-ECL detection of amines [37][38][39][40][41] and several reviews 24,25,42 have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32][33][34][35][36] Recently, a great number of papers about the Ru(bpy)3 2+ CE-ECL detection of amines 37-41 and several reviews 24,25,42 have been published.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Atenolol and Metoprolol by Capillary Electrophoresis with Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Electrochemiluminescence Detection

et al. 2007

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Atenolol (AT) and metoprolol (ME) are antihypertensive drugs that belong to the family of selective β(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-blockers), which are widely used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. 1 Due to their sedative effect, they are also used as doping agents in sports. An overdose of β-blockers may lead to bradycardia, hypotension, aggravation of cardiac failure, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, and fatigue.2 Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive and simple analytical method to determine β-blockers in many fields, including doping control, forensic analysis, toxicology and pharmacokinetic study.As a consequence of the widespread use of AT and ME, several analytical techniques have been developed for their determination in recent years, including spectrophotometry [3][4][5] and differential pulse voltammetry. 6,7 However, the sensitivity of these methods was limited. The most widely used were chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC), 8,9 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and urtra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). 18 Among them, expensive columns and costly apparatus were needed, and the analysis time was relatively long.The capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique has been developed for over 20 years, and has become a mature and wellestablished analytical tool. CE is characterized as a powerful separation technique because of its high efficiency, relatively short analysis time, and low sample and reagent consumption. As an alternative and complementary technique to HPLC for routine analysis, CE-UV has been used for AT and ME analysis. 19-22Because of the small sample volume being assayed, this method has encountered the problem of poor sensitivity, which has limited its application in practice. He et al. 23 developed an on-line ion-exchange preconcentration method for improving the detection sensitivity of CE-UV. The proposed method enhanced the detection sensitivity of CE-UV by about 5000 times for metoprolol compared with the normal electrokinetic injection.However, the preparation of a preconcentration column was complex for a general laboratory. Thus, it is very important to develop a simple and sensitive method to detect AT and ME.Electrochemiluminescence (also called electrogenerated chemiluminescence) is a means of converting electrical energy into radiative energy. 24 It has been proved to be a powerful analytical tool that combines the simplicity of electrochemistry and the inherent sensitivity and the wide linear range of the chemiluminescence method. 25Among the ECL systems, tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Ru(bpy)3 2+ -based ECL is the most valuable in fundamental studies and applications because of its stability and capability of undergoing ECL at room temperature in aqueous solutions and its regenerating during the ECL process. 26Since the first report of Ru(bpy)3 2+ ECL in 1972, 27 Ru(bpy)3 2+ ECL as a sensitive detection method has been...

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“…[1][2][3][4] The most commonly used detection mode in CE is UV absorption. More sensitive detection in CE can be achieved with laser-induced fluorescence, 5,6 electrochemical, 7,8 and chemiluminescence (CL) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-capillary Chemiluminescence Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis with a Single Capillary

Zhang

2007

ANAL. SCI.

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On-capillary chemiluminescence detection for capillary electrophoresis with a single capillary was reported. A hole (about 30 μm diameter) was made on the capillary wall at about 50.5 cm from the inlet end. Hydrogen peroxide solution could enter the capillary from the hole, and mixed with luminol and copper(II) to produce chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescence was detected by a PMT under the hole. Several factors that influenced chemiluminescence intensity were investigated. The detection limits for luminol and N-(4-aminolbutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) were 1 × 10 -11 and 2 × 10 -10 mol L -1 , respectively. The method features simple construction and no dead volume.

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On-line electrogenerated Ru(bpy)33+ chemiluminescent detection of β-blockers separated with capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 93 publications

References 22 publications

Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

Determination of Atenolol and Metoprolol by Capillary Electrophoresis with Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Electrochemiluminescence Detection

On-capillary Chemiluminescence Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis with a Single Capillary

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