On kinetic filtering in associative monologue

Freedman, Norbert; Bucci, Wilma

doi:10.1515/semi.1981.34.3-4.225

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The most substantial work on body-focused gestures was initiated by Norbert Freedman, who postulated that bodyfocused gestures-as compared with object-focused communicative gestures-indicate a withdrawal from communication for the purpose of self-stabilization (Freedman, 1972;Freedman & Bucci, 1981). During free association or in semistructured interviews, field-dependent subjects (Witkin et al, 1954) showed significantly more continuous body-focused activity (cf.…”

Section: Theoretical and Empirical Background Of The Neuroges Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Lausberg

Sloetjes

2009

Behavior Research Methods

425

257

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Knowledge about gestural behavior is theoretically relevant for understanding cognitive, emotional, and interactive processes, but it also has far-reaching practical implications for diagnostics and therapy in the clinical context, for learning processes, and for obtaining communicative competencies. Thus, research on gestural behavior is conducted in several academic disciplines, including neuroscience, medicine, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, and social sciences. Especially because of the shift in recent decades toward transferring information through visual media, a thorough knowledge of how gesture reflects and affects the gesturer's thinking and feeling, as well as of how it influences the recipient's cognitive and emotional processes, is becoming increasingly important.Despite many examinations carried through in various disciplines, the state of knowledge about the neuropsychology of gestural behavior has not developed far beyond the popular level (i.e., "body language"). This situation is partly due to methodological deficiencies in the analysis of gestural behavior. In many studies, gesture units and gesture types are not clearly defined, and interrater agreement is rarely examined. Furthermore, the assumptions behind the diverse gesture classifications applied in the studies are not made transparent, and sometimes there is an implicit claim that the particular coding system suits all research questions. In addition, different forms of presenting data (e.g., in terms of total numbers [n] of gesturesn/min, n/5 min, n/100 words, n/time speaking, n/time of interview, or logarithms-or of handedness-right vs. left hands only; right, left, or both hands; no differentiation of hand laterality; or handedness indices) are an obstacle for comparing the results of different studies and for gradually building up a corpus of knowledge on gestural behavior. By way of example, the apparent contradictions between study results on the relationship between aphasia (loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language) and gesture production/comprehension-that is, between an equally distributed deficit and a compensatory use of gestures (see, e.g., Lott, 1999)-are mainly due to a lack of scrutiny during development of the study methods.A similar situation exists in the area of media annotation, even when only the digital era is considered. A variety of tools are available to the public, each designed for a certain group of users with a specific task or a particular platform (operating system) in mind. The data produced by these tools are stored in various ways and in different formats. This is another obstacle to interoperability and comparison, in addition to those mentioned above.The XML (Extensible Markup Language) data produced by the majority of contemporary tools are a significant improvement on the old-time proprietary formats. XML data are relatively easy to transform, but nevertheless the conversion is rarely lossless. In an attempt to improve interoperability between tools from multiple modalities, ...

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Section: Theoretical and Empirical Background Of The Neuroges Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Module I category "continuous"), especially hand-to-hand (cf. the Module II category "act on each other"), than did field-independent subjects (Freedman & Bucci, 1981 & Friesen, 1969), ethological research (Morris, 1978), and evolutionary anthropology (Wallis, 2004).…”

Section: Theoretical and Empirical Background Of The Neuroges Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Lausberg

Sloetjes

2009

Behavior Research Methods

425

257

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“…These two self-touches differ on several dimensions: location, laterality, pattern of movement, and perhaps duration. Freedman and colleagues have shown self-touching to be differentiated according to location (hand vs. body), laterality (unilateral vs. bilateral), and duration (continuous vs. discrete) (Barroso, Freedman, Grand, & Van Meel, 1978; Freedman, Blass, Rifkin, & Quitkin, 1973;Freedman & Bucci, 1981).…”

Section: Theoris Of Self-touchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Expresser Role and Type of Self‐Touching on Observers' Perceptions¹

Harrigan

Lucic

Kay

et al. 1991

J Applied Social Pyschol

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The effect of a nonverbal behavior frequently displayed during social interaction, self‐touching, was analyzed with respect to body location, other nonverbal behaviors, and expressers' role. In Study 1, hypotheses about role (job applicant, medical patient, friend, stranger) and levels of anxiety and familiarity were substantiated. In Study 2, subjects rated females who displayed several types of self‐touching (to nose, arm, hand) singly, or in combination with head nodding or leg recrossing, representing the four roles in Study 1. Hypotheses based on types of self‐touching and role were supported by linear contrasts; for example, hand rubbing by job applicant and patient, who were expected to experience some anxiety, was judged as more acceptable than for friend or stranger. Discrete self‐touching (nose) was evaluated as more expressive and warm than unpatterned self‐touching (hand, arm) for friend and stranger. Control scenes (no movement) were rated as more calm and dominant, but less expressive, warm, and interested.

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“…Self-touch gestures are displayed when individuals experience stress or negative emotions (Barosso et al 1978;Freedman et al 1972;Freedman and Bucci 1981;Lausberg and Kryger 2011;Sainsbury 1955;Sousa-Poza and Rohrberg 1977;). Freedman and Bucci (1981) suggested that body-focused activity has a distinct filtering function when individuals are exposed to external stimulation such as in psychiatric interviews. Moreover, Lausberg (2013) has proposed that on body movements serve to regulate hyperor hypoarousal.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

146. Body movements and mental illness: Alterations of movement behavior associated with eating disorders, schizophrenia, and depression

Lausberg¹

2014

Handbücher Zur Sprach- Und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (HSK) 38/2

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On kinetic filtering in associative monologue

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Effect of Expresser Role and Type of Self‐Touching on Observers' Perceptions¹

146. Body movements and mental illness: Alterations of movement behavior associated with eating disorders, schizophrenia, and depression

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On kinetic filtering in associative monologue

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Effect of Expresser Role and Type of Self‐Touching on Observers' Perceptions1

146. Body movements and mental illness: Alterations of movement behavior associated with eating disorders, schizophrenia, and depression

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Effect of Expresser Role and Type of Self‐Touching on Observers' Perceptions¹