On Institutional and Agentic Discrimination: Migrants and National Labour Markets

Flam, Helena

doi:10.5949/liverpool/9781846311185.003.0010

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Officers would have ideas of what certain nationalities look like and act upon those ideas in their daily work. While this reduction of complexity is understandable considering officers do not have the time and resources to meticulously assess each individual with whom they come into contact (Burns ; Lipsky ), it does become problematic if these perceptual shorthands lead to discriminatory decision making (Burns ), even when this is unintended (Flam ), possibly resulting in institutional discrimination.…”

Section: Crimmigration Profiling and Legal Consciousness In Migratimentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection in Border Areas: Profiling Immigrants or Crimmigrants?

Dekkers¹

2018

Howard J Crime Justice

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Research on profiling in law enforcement focuses mostly on traffic stops and stop and searches in an Anglo‐American context. This article aims to expand this scope by studying profiling practices in migration checks in the Netherlands, aiming to see how migration officers select potential immigrants in the absence of a requirement of reasonable suspicion and how they deal with the legal complexity of the role of race and nationality in the selection process. It does so by employing an elaborate case study of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (RNLM). Findings show that officers are not looking for immigrants in general but focus on a subset of criminal immigrants based on stereotypical perceptions of specific nationalities. While these perceptions could be attributed to the discriminatory beliefs of the individual officers, the present study moves beyond that by documenting how unclear legislation and organisational factors are important to understand how these beliefs come to be and are maintained.

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Section: Crimmigration Profiling and Legal Consciousness In Migratimentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection in Border Areas: Profiling Immigrants or Crimmigrants?

Dekkers¹

2018

Howard J Crime Justice

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“…Similar to the historic constructions of Jews, Italians and the Irish as non-white ‗others' among Anglo-Saxon immigrants to the USA, discourses of othering based on racist prejudice have been extended to poor white immigrants from the Eastern European countries . The same happened to the Portuguese, Spaniards, Greeks and Italians migrating to Northern and Central Europe who were constructed as ‗dark' until migrant groups arriving from outside the European Union, including Eastern Europe, have ‗whitened' them (Flam, 2008). The purpose of the strategy to racialize the ‗outsider/Other' and cultures in general is in constructing immigrants as representatives of a different race or culture, even when their origins are located within the same geographical area, for example, in Europe (Flam, 2008).…”

Section: Ethnicity and Racementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The same happened to the Portuguese, Spaniards, Greeks and Italians migrating to Northern and Central Europe who were constructed as ‗dark' until migrant groups arriving from outside the European Union, including Eastern Europe, have ‗whitened' them (Flam, 2008). The purpose of the strategy to racialize the ‗outsider/Other' and cultures in general is in constructing immigrants as representatives of a different race or culture, even when their origins are located within the same geographical area, for example, in Europe (Flam, 2008).…”

Section: Ethnicity and Racementioning

confidence: 98%

“…This does not indicate that the meaning of race has disappeared from public discourse. Instead, this signifies that race is now articulated through different terms, such as ‗ethnicity', ‗cultural origin' and others, while still carrying the same stigma and discrimination markers as before (Flam, 2008). If biological categorization through the concept of race used to exaggerate physical features which created negative stereotypes, ‗cultural' categorization in our time reaches the same goals with the help of the notions of ‗ethnicity' and ‗culture' (Machin & van Leeuwen, 2008).…”

Section: Ethnicity and Racementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this vein, the term ‗nationalism' has also acquired negative connotations and is not used in public discourse as a neutral or positive notion, due to its transparent link to racism in discourses of difference between the native and the ethnic/racial populations (Flam, 2008). The diverse meanings behind it are now articulated in a ‗politically correct' manner within the notion of ‗national identity', presented as a valuable aspect of our lives and constructed as an ideal aspiration for individuals within the frames of a nation-state (Billig, 2004).…”

Section: Ethnicity and Racementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Making of Cosmopolitan Selves: the Construction of Identity of Russian-Speaking Immigrants in New Zealand

Maydell¹

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<p>According to the 2006 Census (Statistics New Zealand, 2007), more than one-fifth of the New Zealand population is born overseas. Immigrants play an active role in New Zealand economic and demographic growth, with more new arrivals choosing to settle in New Zealand every year. While research into migrant issues is on the rise, the impact of growing cultural diversity on national identity requires further investigation, especially in relation to many ethnic groups underrepresented in social sciences. This thesis presents the research into the issues of identity construction among Russian-speaking immigrants, a group never investigated before in New Zealand and only infrequently elsewhere. The objective of this work is to fill the knowledge gap in this area by providing information on the socio-cultural context of immigration experiences of Russians in New Zealand and investigating the way their identity is constructed through mainstream discourses and in the personal accounts of 21 participants from Wellington. The nature of this thesis is qualitative and interdisciplinary. The theoretical foundation draws on social constructionism (Burr, 1995; Gergen, 1991) and discourse theory (Foucault, 1972; Howarth, 2000). Socio-historically, this scholarship may be located within the broader frames of the postmodern critique of globalization and transnationalism (Bauman, 1998; el-Ojeili & Hayden, 2006). One of the objectives of this research was to apply and evaluate different qualitative frameworks and paradigms in order to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the issue under investigation. The combination of different analytical methods and techniques included: thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006), Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 1989; Wodak, 1996), positioning theory (Harre & Van Langenhove, 1999), ethnography and narrative analysis (Merriam, 2002). The first study presents a critical discourse analysis of identity constructions of Russian-speaking immigrants articulated by New Zealand mainstream print media. Consistent with international and New Zealand research on media portrayals of immigrants, the overall representation of this migrant group in New Zealand media follows the general trends of criminalization, homogenization and commodification of immigrants, with the dominant construction of them as a 'problem' to New Zealand society. Two other studies use in-depth ethnographic interviews as the data collection method. The first interview presents a narrative analysis of a case study of a Russian Jewish woman who has experienced double migration from Russia to Israel and then to New Zealand. Lara's story vividly illustrates the process of social construction in relation to her sense of self in three different cultures. It reveals the interaction between the power of social forces in dictating rules for identity formation and the role of agency in an individual's striving for a coherent sense of self. The analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with Russian-speaking immigrants in Wellington identifies the most common and salient patterns of identity construction in this group. Many participants report the feelings of identity loss and exclusion, based on their understanding of negative attitudes and wide-spread stereotypes among the host population. While some participants try to negotiate inferior identity constructions assigned to them on the basis of their 'outsider' status, others strive for constructing a new type of identity - cosmopolitan identity - which they locate within the global, rather than any local, context. These findings contribute to the recent developments in social science research in such areas as identity studies, discourse, globalisation, transnationalism and cosmopolitanism.</p>

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‘We need engineers, not Russian brides’: Cultural stereotypes in New Zealand print media and what the engineers have to say

Maydell

2016

Communication Research and Practice

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On Institutional and Agentic Discrimination: Migrants and National Labour Markets

Abstract: ‘On Institutional and Agentic Discrimination: Migrants and National Labour Markets’, written by Helena Flam, focuses on the discriminatory processes operative in European labour markets.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Selection in Border Areas: Profiling Immigrants or Crimmigrants?

Selection in Border Areas: Profiling Immigrants or Crimmigrants?

The Making of Cosmopolitan Selves: the Construction of Identity of Russian-Speaking Immigrants in New Zealand

‘We need engineers, not Russian brides’: Cultural stereotypes in New Zealand print media and what the engineers have to say

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