On initialization of milling paths for 5-axis flank CNC machining of free-form surfaces with general milling tools

5-axis double-flank CNC machining of spiral bevel gears via custom-shaped milling tools — Part I: Modeling and simulation

“…To the best of our knowledge, all previous research requires the initial milling trajectory as a part of the input or is indicated by the user. Our recent research focuses on automatic path initiliazation for 5-axis flank milling [18,31]. For a specific shape of the milling tool (conical or curved), an automatic initialization of the tool's motion can be achieved by integrating the admissible multi-valued vector field that corresponds to directions in which the point-surface distance changes according to the prescribed shape of the milling tool (prescribed by a meridian curve) [31].…”

“…Our recent research focuses on automatic path initiliazation for 5-axis flank milling [18,31]. For a specific shape of the milling tool (conical or curved), an automatic initialization of the tool's motion can be achieved by integrating the admissible multi-valued vector field that corresponds to directions in which the point-surface distance changes according to the prescribed shape of the milling tool (prescribed by a meridian curve) [31]. As in this work the tool path is very much constrained by the reference geometry, we look for initial path that closely approximate the surface self-bisector.…”

Topology optimization with accessibility constraint for multi-axis machining

“…Computing C−obstacles for arbitrary shapes can be challenging, depending on the choice of representation. For 5-axis machining applications, one of the six DOF for rotation around the tool axis is deemed redundant and the problem is simplified by assuming simple shapes for the rotating tool's closure such as a flat/ball-end cylinders, approximating reachability by visibility, and so on [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. However, the computations can be dramatically simplified by sampling-based approximations [42].…”

On the application of isogeometric finite volume method in numerical analysis of wet-steam flow through turbine cascades

“…NURBS formulation is considered as a universal class for geometry modeling in computer-aided design, manufacture and engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE). The trajectory of a robot [59], geometry of a curved structure [60][61][62][63], free surface of a fluid [64], a tool-path in multi-axis machining [65,66] and automotive body panels [67][68][69]…”