Species of Parapyxidognathus Ward, 1941 are distributed across tropical Indo-West Pacific to temperate downstream rivers and in estuaries. The genus previously included only one species, Parapyxidognathus deianira (De Man, 1888). We examined specimens from Parapyxidognathus and its closely related genus, Pyxidognathus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 from the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific, focusing on their morphological characters. The results also support the reclassification of Pyxidognathus fluviatilis Alcock, 1900 into Parapyxidognathus, as well as the establishment of two new species from the western Pacific, Pa. tshiansuesp. nov. and Pa. ongiasp. nov. The identity of the species is supported by evidence from mitochondrial 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes. There are now four species in Parapyxidognathus distinguishable by the characters of the anterolateral teeth of the carapace, the pleon, and the first gonopods of the male, and the female vulvae.
A new species of mangrove sesarmid crab, Nanosesarma gomantaka n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens collected from Chapora Estuary in Goa State, India. Nanosesarma gomantaka n. sp. closely resembles N. pontianacense (De Man, 1895) from Southeast and East Asia in having an elongated carapace, arcuate frontal lobes with a median notch and the presence of strong proximal spine on outer surface of male cheliped dactylus, but can be distinguished by the generally more arcuate frontal lobes with deep V-shaped median notch, the tip of the external orbital angle not extending beyond the rudimentary epibranchial tooth, and the proportionately more slender male first gonopod, with a straight distal portion bent at an obtuse angle.
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