“…The dynamic model-based observer approach has been widely applied in control problems for mechanical systems; particularly to tracking control for general mechanical systems (Loría et al, 1997;Lefeber, 2000), mobile robots (Salichs et al, 1991), marine systems (Pettersen and Nijmeijer, 1998;Encarnacao andPascoal, 2001), flightcontrol (Al-Hiddabi andMcClamroch, 2002), and many others. These output tracking control approaches assume that state information of the reference trajectory is available, but Rodriguez-Angeles and Nijmeijer (2001) presented an output coordination control approach for two robot manipulators based on only position measurements of the leader.…”