On genetic encoding and communication

Andresen, Julie Tetel

doi:10.1016/0271-5309(91)90012-k

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…after refuelling), and thermal stratification may allow aerated water to persist to the pressure vessel. 14 Furthermore, occluded locations such as control rod driving mechanism and canopy seals can be subjected to a relatively high level of impurities not representative of bulk primary water chemistry, and some instances of SCC have been observed in PWR primary circuits. 15 The complex nature of SCC impacts significantly on the long term reliability and integrity of nuclear power plants, and thus, new SCC resistant materials are greatly desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress corrosion cracking of Ru doped 304 stainless steel in high temperature water

Scenini

Govender

Lyon

et al. 2012

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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In pressurised water reactor primary water, there is generally growing concern that stress corrosion cracking (SCC) may occur in occluded locations where residual oxygen and other impurities may be trapped. For these critical components, the deployment of more SCC resistant materials is desirable. In this paper, the effect of 1 wt-%Ru additions on the SCC susceptibility of 304 austenitic stainless steels was investigated in high temperature water. Slow strain rate tensile tests were performed on standard and 1 wt-%Ru modified 304 stainless steels in both sensitised and cold worked conditions. Preliminary results showed that, although both ruthenium doped and standard 304 stainless steels exhibited intergranular SCC, the former was less susceptible as indicated by a greater strain to failure. The results obtained suggest an improved performance of the Ru doped 304 stainless steel towards SCC susceptibility in these environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress corrosion cracking of Ru doped 304 stainless steel in high temperature water

Scenini

Govender

Lyon

et al. 2012

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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“…2.6. Effect of cooling channels on the torsional properties of mirrors (10) The control of the shape of the type of adaptive mirrors we are considering here depends on being able to program /(x), the moment of inertia of the cross section area of the mirror to any desired value. Naturally if the mirror has cooling channels, the shape of the cross section area is modified and the section moment is reduced.…”

Section: Twisting Of a Composite Mirror At Both Endsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design strategies for monolithic adjustable-radius metal mirrors

Howells

1995

Opt. Eng

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The design principles and special advantages of monolithic adaptive metal mirrors have been described in an earlier paper 1 • The present paper provides analysis for understanding the response of such mirrors to the unintended torques they receive from the flexural hinges which connect them to the bending system. The analysis includes mirrors both with and without water-cooling channels. The torsional rigidities of the usual types of flexural hinge and of the most common mirrors are calculated thus allowing the hinge-induced distortions of any mirror surface to be estimated. Two strategies for reducing such errors are proposed. One involves the design of sufficiently flexible hinges and the other the elimination of the hinge rotations (and therefore their torques) altogether by means of a new design principle. Some analysis of the latter scheme is provided including a prescription for choosing suitable design parameters. KEYWORDSGrazing-incidence mirrors, adaptive optics, flexural hinges, x-ray focusing, high-power mirrors 1.0 INTRODUCTION Monolithic adaptive mirrors for grazing incidence applications can be cut from a single block of metal using a wire, electric discharge machining (EDM) system. The cut shape is designed to act as a single flexural mechanism comprising both the mirror and its bending device. This type of all-metal component is particularly well-suited for grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation beam lines and is compatible with intensive water-cooling arrangements. In an earlier paper 1 we have described the principles of monolithic design and its advantages for mirror systems as well as the theory that allows one to achieve prescribed mirror shapes by means of a controlled variation of the mirror thickness with position. The ideas in reference 1 have already been applied successfully to a number of mirrors manufactured commercially by Rockwell Power Systems 2 and Photon Sciences Intemational 3 . The above paper also provides a number of references describing earlier work on adaptive x-ray mirrors. The closest antecedent to the monolithic schemes considered here is the mirror described by Ice et al 4 which is a water-cooled metal mirror bent into a circular shape by a single, point load. In the present paper we continue the treatment of the theory of adaptive monolithic mirrors paying special attention to the effects of the three hinges which together provide the force system which deforms the mirror.In reference 1 we discussed the design shown in Fig. 1 which would, for example, provide a circular reflecting surface if the mirror thickness were made proportional to the cube root of the distance from the end. The mirror is bent by applying a point load in the center and the circular shape will be good over the region where the cube root law is obeyed provided that the assumptions of beam theory are satisfied 5 and that the three narrow webs of material linking the mirror to the bending mechanism behave as perfect (torque-free) hinges. In the earlier paper we also discu...

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On genetic encoding and communication

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Stress corrosion cracking of Ru doped 304 stainless steel in high temperature water

Stress corrosion cracking of Ru doped 304 stainless steel in high temperature water

Design strategies for monolithic adjustable-radius metal mirrors

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