On Formulae for Wave Transmission at Submerged and Low-Crested Breakwaters

Abstract

Submerged and low-crested breakwaters are nearshore barriers with an underwater or slightly emergent crest, designed to reduce the energy of wave attacks and, consequently, to protect the coast from erosion and flooding. Their performance in reducing the wave energy can be evaluated by the value of the wave transmission coefficient, which thus requires accurate prediction. In the last few decades, several experimental investigations allowed the development of several formulae to predict this coefficient that agreed well within the given range of validity. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the existing formulae has been reported and the influence of input design variables has been highlighted. Moreover, an extensive set of experimental data has been collected and critically examined and re-analyzed to obtain a homogenous up-to-date database. Special attention has been addressed to the assessment of the reliability of each existing formula for and to evaluate its performance beyond the validity limits for which it was developed.

Wave Transmission over Rubble-Mound Submerged Breakwaters

“…For the total number of all 115 data measurements, RMSE calculated was equal to a quite satisfactory value of 0.08. Despite the fact that various data sets of Kt values for submerged structures are mentioned in [3], for the small profile SPBs investigated in this study (narrow crested, homogenous, statically stable rubble-mound and steep sloped trapezoidal bars of a relative depth F/d approximately between 0.10 and 0.25 for up to average wave exposure) and especially for irregular waves, such data were limited. Thus, the need for the experiments framing Despite the fact that various data sets of K t values for submerged structures are mentioned in [3], for the small profile SPBs investigated in this study (narrow crested, homogenous, statically stable rubble-mound and steep sloped trapezoidal bars of a relative depth F/d approximately between 0.10 and 0.25 for up to average wave exposure) and especially for irregular waves, such data were limited.…”

“…Several attempts on predicting K t for single submerged porous breakwaters based on various data sets have been carried out. Existing formulae' reviews summarizing them and assessing their accuracy can be found in the literature [2][3][4]. Also, a few studies (e.g., [5,6]) addressed multiple trapezoidal structures.…”

Submerged low-crested structures in front of coastal structures

“…Wave transmission at coastal structures has been studied by a large number of researchers (e.g. Sollitt and Cross, 1972;Daemen, 1991;d'Angremond et al, 1996;Seabrook and Hall, 1998;Bleck and Oumeraci, 2001;Calabrese et al, 2002;Briganti et al, 2003;Van der Meer et al, 2005;Van Oosten et al, 2006;Koutandos et al, 2006;Buccino and Calabrese, 2007;Makris and Memos, 2007;Panizzo and Briganti, 2007;Goda and Ahrens, 2008;Tomasicchio et al, 2011;Metallinos et al, 2016;Mahmoudi et al, 2017;Lokesha et al, 2019;Brancasi et al, 2022;Le Xuan et al, 2022;Kurdistani et al, 2022;. For a discussion of the various wave transmission studies see the latter two studies.…”

Stability Analysis of Breakwater Armor Blocks Based on Deep Learning

“…Factors such as wave height, period, incident angle, and spectrum characteristics will affect the force and stability of the block. Large waves and long-period waves may exert a greater dynamic load on the block, increasing the displacement and overturning risk of the block [42]. Therefore, this paper mainly starts with the wave, which is the main influencing factor, and meanwhile identifies the position and postural variation of breakwater armor blocks, which has achieved the effect of exploring the stability of breakwater fender blocks.…”