On flower visitors and true pollinators: The case of protandrous Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)

Zych, Marcin

doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0493-y

Cited by 54 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Vesp Vespidae, LS large Syrphids, SS small Syrphids, LM large Muscoid flies, MM medium Muscoid flies (Faegri and van der Pijl 1966), and, as such, may be easily visited by a wide spectrum of insects, and are thus phenotypically generalized (Ollerton et al 2007). Indeed, our study showed that they are attractive to over 81 species of anthophilous insects, a result comparable to that found in many other members of the family (Knuth 1898; Corbet 1970; Grace and Nelson 1981;Ellis and Ellis-Adam 1993;Zych 2002Zych , 2007Zych et al 2007;Niemirski and Zych 2011). Although the taxonomic spectrum of visitors to our study species extended over 5 systematic orders, most floral visitors to O. palustre flowers belonged to a small number of functional groups within a single order, since 99-100 % visits in 2009-2010 and 85 % visits in 2008 were by Diptera.…”

Section: Pollination Importancesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Motten et al 1981;Fishbein and Venable 1996;Olsen 1997;Sahli and Conner 2007;Niemirski and Zych 2011;Zych and Stpiczyńska 2012;Zych et al 2013), and thus may be misleading in others (e.g. Zych 2002Zych , 2007Fumero-Cabán and Watts et al 2012; and the present study).…”

Section: Pollination Importancecontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Consequently, since direct methods of assessing the performance of floral visitors were impractical (Lindsey 1984;Niemirski and Zych 2011), we used a slightly modified indirect method, as described by Zych (2002Zych ( , 2007, which is based on counts of insect pollen loads and observations of insect frequency, abundance and behaviour on inflorescences:…”

Section: Pollination Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thell. In H. sphondylium, and depending on the year and the plant's subspecies, a single species of Syrphid fly, Eriozona syrphoides, performed as few as 2.7-5.5 % of visits, but was responsible for a large proportion (up to 80 %) of pollination (Zych 2007). In D. carota subsp.…”

Section: Pollination Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even in the case of generalist species, their reproductive biology may be threatened by habitat fragmentation, as demonstrated for another endangered member of the family, namely, Seseli farrenyi Molero & Pujadas (Rovira et al 2004). Furthermore, in recent years, the pollination systems of a number of species of Apiaceae have been investigated, and these have proved to be less generalized than anticipated, exhibiting at least ecological and/or functional specialization (Lindsey 1984;Zych 2007;Carvalheiro et al 2008;Niemirski and Zych 2011). This may also be the case for O. palustre with profound effects on preservation of this rare species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myophily in the critically endangered umbelliferous plant Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae)

2013

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Globally, many plant species face humaninduced habitat loss and an associated reduction in population size and vitality. Their survival is often possible only when appropriate conservation measures are taken that address the biology and ecology of these species, including their reproduction, often the most vulnerable stage in the life history of the organism. Unfortunately, little is known about these aspects of the biology of many listed plant species. For 3 years, we studied the pollination biology of the critically endangered plant species Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae), one that is listed in the Bern Convention and Annex II of the EU Flora-Fauna Directive. Flowers of this taxon were visited by over 81 species of anthophilous insects derived from 5 taxonomic orders, indicating the presence of a generalised pollination system. However, detailed analyses of the frequency of insect visits, pollen loads and insect behaviour on inflorescences suggest that the plant is chiefly pollinated by large Dipterans, predominantly large Syrphid flies and Muscoid flies, that together are often responsible for over 90 % of total pollinations. Occasionally, wasps (Vespidae) may also be involved in the pollination of this species. With respect to the pollination system of O. palustre, our results indicate that this is a classic example of myophily, and generally, this species can be regarded as a functional specialist, but like many other members of Apiaceae, it is a typical ''bethedger''. This strategy may probably increase the plant's reproductive success in a range of habitat conditions, suggesting that the pollination system is unlikely to be the cause of rarity in this species.

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Section: Pollination Importancesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Pollination Importancecontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Pollination Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pollination Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myophily in the critically endangered umbelliferous plant Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae)

2013

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Pollinators differ in their contribution to the male fitness of a self‐incompatible composite

Pearson,

Zelman,

Hill

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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Premise: Reproductive fitness in plants is often determined by the quantity and quality of pollen transferred by pollinators. However, many fitness studies measure only female fitness or rely on proxies for male fitness. Here we assessed how five bee taxon groups affect male fitness in a prairie plant by quantifying pollen removal, visitation, and siring success using paternity assignments and a unique pollinator visitation experiment. Methods: In Echinacea angustifolia, we measured per-visit pollen removal for each pollinator taxon and estimated the number of pollen grains needed for successful ovule fertilization. Additionally, we directly measured pollinator influence on siring by allowing only one bee taxon to visit each pollen-donor plant, while open-pollinated plants acted as unrestricted pollen recipients. We genotyped the resulting offspring, assigned paternity, and used aster statistical models to quantify siring success. Results: Siring success of pollen-donor plants differed among the five pollinator groups. Nongrooming male bees were associated with increased siring success. Bees from all taxa removed most of the flowering head's pollen in one visit. However, coneflower-specialist bee Andrena helianthiformis removed the most pollen per visit. Female fitness and proxy measures of male fitness, such as pollinator visitation and pollen removal, did not align with our direct quantifications of male fitness. Conclusions: Our results illustrate the need for more studies to directly quantify male fitness, and we caution against using male fitness proxy measures. In addition, conservation efforts that preserve a diverse pollinator community can benefit plants in fragmented landscapes.

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Exceptional evolutionary lability of flower‐like inflorescences (pseudanthia) in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae

Baczyński

Sauquet

Spalik

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Pseudanthia are widespread and have long been postulated to be a key innovation responsible for some of the angiosperm radiations. The aim of our study was to analyze macroevolutionary patterns of these flower‐like inflorescences and their potential correlation with diversification rates in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. In particular, we were interested to investigate evolvability of pseudanthia and evaluate their potential association with changes in the size of floral display. Methods The framework for our analyses consisted of a time‐calibrated phylogeny of 1734 representatives of Apioideae and a morphological matrix of inflorescence traits encoded for 847 species. Macroevolutionary patterns in pseudanthia were inferred using Markov models of discrete character evolution and stochastic character mapping, and a principal component analysis was used to visualize correlations in inflorescence architecture. The interdependence between net diversification rates and the occurrence of pseudocorollas was analyzed with trait‐independent and trait‐dependent approaches. Results Pseudanthia evolved in 10 major clades of Apioideae with at least 36 independent origins and 46 reversals. The morphospace analysis recovered differences in color and compactness between floral and hyperfloral pseudanthia. A correlation between pseudocorollas and size of inflorescence was also strongly supported. Contrary to our predictions, pseudanthia are not responsible for variation in diversification rates identified in this subfamily. Conclusions Our results suggest that pseudocorollas evolve as an answer to the trade‐off between enlargement of floral display and costs associated with production of additional flowers. The high evolvability and architectural differences in apioid pseudanthia may be explained on the basis of adaptive wandering and evolutionary developmental biology.

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On flower visitors and true pollinators: The case of protandrous Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)

Cited by 54 publications

References 56 publications

Myophily in the critically endangered umbelliferous plant Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae)

Myophily in the critically endangered umbelliferous plant Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae)

Pollinators differ in their contribution to the male fitness of a self‐incompatible composite

Exceptional evolutionary lability of flower‐like inflorescences (pseudanthia) in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae

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