On Farmer's Lung.

Abstract

Farmer's lung is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which is manifested mainly as an occupational disease among dairy farmers exposed to organic dusts from moldy hay and compost in silos and lofts. In Europe and America, it has been known for many years. In Japan,

Detection of Thiols by o‐Quinone Nanocomposite Modified Electrodes

“…As reported previously,t he Au-PPy nanocomposite polymer strongly adheres to the GC electrode surface with uniform distribution of Au nano-particles in the matrix during the polymerization of pyrrole [34].S EM images are providedi nF igure 2i llustrating the surface morphology.F igure2bc learly shows bright spots roughly1 00 nm in size that are attributed to Au-PPy nanocomposite formation in agreement with values reported by Njagi et al [34].F ormation of aA u-PPyn anocompositew as further confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and elemental mapping( Figure S1). TheA u-PPy nanocomposite matrix is important for the effective inclu-siono fb oth PQQ and Ox-SWNT.T he positive chargeo f the Au-PPy nanocomposite film assists immobilization of the negatively charged electrocatalysts through ion-pairing interactions [26].…”

“…In 2000, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) immobilized in ap olypyrrole (PPy) matrix was introduceda sa ne lectrocatalyst for thiol detection [18,26].P QQ is an aturally occurring redox cofactor first found in bacterial alcohol dehydrogenases [27] and exhibits ap Hdependent, reversible electron-transfer of the o-quinone moiety.P QQ efficiently catalyzes the oxidationo ft hiols to disulfides under moderate conditions,a nd was found to reduce the overpotential for thiolo xidation.S ubsequently,an umber of studies were performed to explore different o-quinonebased redox catalysts for thiol analysis [28,29] and the application of PQQ modified electrodes as detectors for capillary electrophoresis [18] and for the real-time analysis of enzyme activity [30].…”

“…PPy is an effective conductivem atrix for the immobilization of PQQ for biosensor applications [18,26,[31][32][33]. Polymerization of pyrrole can be achieved by either using electrochemical or chemical methods.F or bothm ethods, polymerization is initiated by formingac ation radical and chain growth is propagated by the free radical formed.…”