On - Farm Evaluation of Natural Toxicants from Tephrosia Vogelii and Petiveria Alliacea on Megalurothrips Sjostedti and Apion Varium of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp)

Abstract

The field study was conducted during the planting season of cowpea to evaluate the natural toxicant from Tephrosia vogelii and Petiveria alliacea and their mixture against Megalurothrips sjostedti and Apion varium at three different concentrations (5, 10, and 20% v/v). The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design. The field observations showed that the two insect pests were effectively controlled by the botanical insecticides compared with untreated plants. Also, the plant extracts at 20% and 10% v/v significantly protected cowpea pods and grains from the damage. However, higher grain yield was obtained from the plant treated with 20% v/v compared to those treated with 10%, 5% v/v and untreated plants. Combination of the two plant extracts at 20% v/v had the same efficacy with synthetic insecticide (Decis). Thus, these plant extracts can be used in organic farming.

Characterization of Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Bean Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

“…Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa for human consumption, as a source of income and livestock feed. The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the major limitations of cowpea production in Africa, causing 21–83% yield loss due to flower abortion and reduction in quality (Alao et al 2011 ; Mfuti et al 2017 ; Tamò et al 2002 ). Most smallholder farmers in the region cannot afford and/or get easy access to pesticides (Jackai and Adalla 1997 ), while other farmers spray frequently (Abtew et al 2016 ), potentially leading to high pesticide residues (Akoto et al 2013 ).…”

Rabbit urine and sunflower oil reinforced tephrosia-based formulation for cowpea insectpests management in Singida, Tanzania

“…Furthermore, OUT's capacity to retain the diversity of beneficial insects necessary for pollination may have contributed to its comparable yield despite higher insect abundance (Wezel et al, 2014). This study's findings are consistent with those of Alao et al (2011) that reported that when compared to positive control and singly applied formulations, the combination of Tephrosia vogelii and Petiveria alliacea at 10% reduced pod damage and boosted grain quality.…”

“…Likewise, research by Alao et al (2011) proved that the combination of T. vogelii and Petiveria alliacea at 20% attained the same efficacy as a positive control (Deci) in controlling insect pests including aphids. Research on the combination of T. Vogelii, T. diversifolia, and L. javanica extracts showed the same effectiveness as the synthetic pesticide (Lambda-cyhalothrin) in crop yields and pest regulations.…”

“…Tephrosia vogelii, Vernonia amygdalina, Tithonia diversifolia and Lantana camara are scientifically proven for their effectiveness against insectpest's ( Mkindi et al, 2015). Another study by Alao et al (2011) reported that Tephrosia vogelii and Petiveria alliacea at 20% and 10% v/v significantly protected cowpea's pods and grains. Rotenoids from T. vogelii was an active component against most of the sucking and biting insect pests.…”