On-farm diagnosis of latent respiratory failure in calves

Abstract

The goal of this study was to develop a method for the diagnosis of latent respiratory failure in calves with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in farm conditions. The study involved 48 calves of the red-motley Holstein breed aged 14-28 days, with no previously experienced BRD, no dyspnea at rest, and a lack of anemia. Group I consisted of 24 calves with spontaneous or induced cough and WI clinical score of ≥5. Group II included 24 calves without spontaneous and induced cough and WI clinical score of ≤3. The determination of respiratory rate (RR), respiratory minute volume, and tidal volume in all calves was performed before and after functional exertion with a 15-min run and 30-s apnea. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein before 30-s apnea, then immediately after, and finally 1 min after apnea; blood gases and acid-base status were analyzed on an ABL-330, while total hemoglobin content was analyzed on a Micros-60. Tachypnea and dyspnea appeared after the 15-min run in group I calves, lasting 7.2 ± 0.4 and 3.7 ± 0.2 min. In group II calves, tachypnea lasted 3.8 ± 0.2 min, and no dyspnea occurred. Within 1 min, hypoxemia and hypercapnia caused by 30-s apnea in group II calves were compensated for due to an increase in pulmonary ventilation; in group I calves it was compensated for within more than 1 min, with presence of shallow breathing and dyspnea. The relation of RR immediately after 30-s apnea to RR before apnea showed excellent diagnostic value for detecting latent respiratory failure in the calves: area under the curve was 0.981, with cutoff point of ≥1.47, sensitivity of 95.8%, and specificity of 87.5%.

The effect of work environment on the biochemical profile of workers operating at the Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium and Magnesium Plant

“…Workers who are in contact with toxic gases and dust during Mg production often have abnormally high levels of serum Mg (Beloskurskaya, 2001; Chernitskiy et al, 2019), as confirmed by the present study on workers from workshop 1, where large amounts of Mg dust particles were found floating in the air. The workshop 2 area also contained a small amount of MgO, which was found in the Ti slag dust.…”

Effect of Probiotic Feed Additives on Honeybee Colonies Overwintering

“…They are applied to prevent and treat intestinal infections, to restore the microflora of the digestive tract after antibiotics or antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents. Probiotics improve digestive processes and stimulate non-specific immunity (Andreeva et al, 2018;Khaziakhmetov et al, 2018a;2018b;Chernitskiy et al, 2019). Data on the effectiveness of probiotics in beekeeping are contradictory.…”

October-2020

“…The average peasant farm in the study region should have an area of arable land per farm of about 80 hectares, of the use of horses in other areas [7,8,12,13]. Thus, serious attention is paid to the issues of genetics management, nutrition, technology, veterinary medicine, breeding, and ecology [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In this regard, it is almost impossible to compare productive horse breeding using economic parameters.…”

“…This is especially true for droving horse breeding, which is limited in many countries due to limited natural forage lands. A second reason for this is western farmers, especially from economically developed countries, who are most interested in product quality, particularly from a veterinary viewpoint [15,22].…”