On farm conservation of cassava in traditional communities of Jangada, Mato Grosso State, Brazil: ethnobotany and genetic diversity

Abstract

Jangada is a municipality in the Baixada Cuiabana region, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the collection of local cassava conserved by four traditional communities of Jangada in terms of ethnobotanical/socioeconomic and genetic aspects. Socioeconomic and ethnobotanical analyses were carried out with 40 farmers using qualitative techniques and descriptive statistics. Seven microsatellite markers were used for genetic analysis. A total of 182 cassava citations were verified, 31 of which were different. The Broto Branco variety was the most frequent (94.3%), followed by Vermelha Gaiadeira and Liberata (82.9 and 77.1%, respectively). The calculated median age for farmers was 56 years. Spearman’s coefficient indicated a positive correlation between the increase in farmer’s age and the number of cultivated local varieties. Few varieties are planted by many farmers, and most are planted by few farmers. High genetic diversity was observed, and most of the variability occurred within communities (88%). Two groups were formed in the cluster analysis, with two communities in each group. The propagule circulation network helped to understand the genetic similarity of communities with the closest geographic location. Cassava cultivation plays an important role in the studied communities, which maintain a high ethnobotanical and genetic diversity and relevant knowledge about the cultivated varieties.