“…Patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) suffer a thrombophilic condition characterized by multiple defects such as acquired deficiencies of protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and antithrombin III (AT III) (1); impaired fibrinolysis (2); increased levels of lipoprotein (a) (3); vasculopathy (4); activated PC resistance (5-7), etc. Some, but not all, of these changes have been related to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), lupus anticoagulants (LAs), and autoantibodies directed towards PC (8); PS (9); AT III (10), tissue-type plasminogen activator (11), thrombomodulin (12), and other phospholipid-binding plasma proteins (13).…”