On Estimating the Relation Between Blood Group and Disease

Woolf, Barnet

doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x

Cited by 2,570 publications

(1,174 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The correlation between two variables was measured by 'Pearson's r' . Association between CCG alleles and size of CAG allele was performed using Woolf's method 11 with correction according to Haldane. 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype analysis of the CAG and CCG repeats in 21 Brazilian families with Huntington’s disease

et al. 2012

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We studied the allelic profile of CAG and CCG repeats in 61 Brazilian individuals in 21 independent families affected by Huntington's disease (HD). Thirteen individuals had two normal alleles for HD, two had one mutable normal allele and no HD phenotype, and forty-six patients carried at least one expanded CAG repeat allele. Forty-five of these individuals had one expanded allele and one individual had one mutable normal allele (27 CAG repeats) and one expanded allele (48 CAG repeats). Eleven of these forty-five subjects had a mutant allele with reduced penetrance, and thirty-four patients had a mutant allele with complete penetrance. Inter-and intragenerational investigations of CAG repeats were also performed. We found a negative correlation between the number of CAG repeats and the age of disease onset (r ¼ À0.84; Po0.001) and no correlation between the number of CCG repeats and the age of disease onset (r ¼ 0.06). We found 40 different haplotypes and the analysis showed that (CCG) 10 was linked to a CAG normal allele in 19 haplotypes and to expanded alleles in two haplotypes. We found that (CCG) 7 was linked to expanded CAG repeats in 40 haplotypes (95.24%) and (CCG) 10 was linked to expanded CAG repeats in only two haplotypes (4.76%). Therefore, (CCG) 7 was the most common allele in HD chromosomes in this Brazilian sample. It was also observed that there was a significant association of (CCG) 7 with the expanded CAG alleles (v 2 ¼ 6.97, P ¼ 0.0084). Worldwide, the most common CCG alleles have 7 or 10 repeats. In Western Europe, (CCG) 7 is the most frequent allele, similarly to our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype analysis of the CAG and CCG repeats in 21 Brazilian families with Huntington’s disease

et al. 2012

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“…is less biased by asymmetric sampling errors of small numbers than the expression which was derived by Woolf (1955), In (hK/kH). Haldane (1956) demonstrated that an unbiased and efiicient estimate oi p q was given by…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

A Sex‐dependent Difference in the Haptoglobin Distributions of Some Australian Urban Population Samples, With a Note on the Method of Haldane for Estimating the Significance of the Logarithm of a Ratio of Frequencies

1971

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Frequencies of plasma haptoglobin phenotypes of a sample of the Melbourne population with a wide age range were compared with those reported for two other Australian cities, Perth and Sydney. When the samples were combined, the proportion of females possessing type 2-1 (50^7%) exceeded that of males (44-9X). Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated the significance of the sex difference at the 3% level. It was possible to exclude the participation of age-related factors from this finding. INTRODUCTION,The distribution of plasma haptoglobin phenotypes in a sample of the Melbourne population has recently been determined to provide control data for distributions found in some neuropsychiatric disorders. It was noted that 46^2% of the males in the sample were of type 2-1, whereas 51-SS of the females bore this phenotype. Although the difference was not significant, an examination showed comparable trends in the other white Australian urban populations for which tho sex of subjects was recorded. Thus, the Perth data of Kirk, Lai and Hogben (1960) revealed a 4-1% excess and the Sydney data of Larkin (1967) revealed an 8-1% excess of heterozygous females.

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“…24 We tested only the dominant genetic model (MM+MT vs. TT) because (i) the low frequency of homozygosity for high-risk alleles would yield a considerable number of studies with zero cell counts, generating unreliable OR estimates and (ii) the combination of MM and MT genotypes into one group was utilized in most primary studies included in our meta-analysis. The current strategy for analysis was consistent with that used in some previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the angiotensinogen gene T174M polymorphism and hypertension risk in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis

Liu

Wang

et al. 2011

Hypertens Res

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No consensus has been reached on the association between the angiotensinogen gene polymorphism T174M and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically pursue their possible association. Case-control studies in the Chinese and English publications were identified by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases. The fixed-effects model and the random-effects model were applied for dichotomous outcomes to combine the results of the individual studies. After this, we selected 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In total, the selected studies contributed a study population containing 3828 hypertensive patients and 3251 normotensive controls. We found no statistical association between the T174M polymorphism and hypertension risk in all subjects, in a Han Chinese subgroup or in non-Han Chinese minorities. However, a statistically significant association was observed between the T174M polymorphism and a hypertensive group (systolic blood pressure X160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure X95 mm Hg) in the dominant genetic model (MM+MT vs. TT: P¼0.03, odds ratio¼1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.74, P heterogeneity ¼0.27, I 2 ¼24%, fixedeffects model). No evidence of publication bias was observed. More studies, especially studies stratified for different stages of hypertension, should be performed in the future to fully examine this question. Studies investigating gene-gene interactions, gene-environment interactions, as well as their mutual interactions will also be important.

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On Estimating the Relation Between Blood Group and Disease

Cited by 2,570 publications

References 3 publications

Haplotype analysis of the CAG and CCG repeats in 21 Brazilian families with Huntington’s disease

Haplotype analysis of the CAG and CCG repeats in 21 Brazilian families with Huntington’s disease

A Sex‐dependent Difference in the Haptoglobin Distributions of Some Australian Urban Population Samples, With a Note on the Method of Haldane for Estimating the Significance of the Logarithm of a Ratio of Frequencies

Association between the angiotensinogen gene T174M polymorphism and hypertension risk in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis

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