On Estimating the Port Power Demands for Cold Ironing Applications

D’Agostino, Fabio; Schiapparelli, Giacomo-Piero; Dallas, S.; Spathis, D.; Georgiou, Vassilis; Prousalidis, John

doi:10.1109/ests49166.2021.9512359

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The primary distribution voltage on ships varies from 230 volts to 11 kilovolts [11]. There is also a large variety of loads, and the frequency is sometimes 50 and sometimes 60 Hz [12]. All of this is due to a lack of voltage standardization [2].…”

Section: Shore Connection Stadardisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Drop Estimation during Shore Connection with the Use of Motor Drives Modified as Static Frequency Converters

Vrzala

Goňo

Stacho³

et al. 2023

Processes

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Ship-to-shore connection is an important technological element that reduces air pollution in ports. Therefore, ports install facilities that allow mooring ships to connect to the port distribution network. By 2025, this will be mandatory for all ports in Europe. This can be a challenging task in most ports due to the different frequency of the network and ship frequency. This problem can be solved by the use of grid-forming static frequency converters. This solution also brings some other advantages: The ship is not threatened by high shore short-circuit currents, and the port distribution network is not affected by the character of the ship load. However, frequency converter software must include a droop control algorithm to ensure that voltage deviations do not exceed the allowed limits during transients. Typical frequency converters used for shore connection are those developed as static frequency converters (SFCs). However, those converters were not developed for large power outputs, which are needed to power large vessels, such as ferries or cruise ships. This paper proposes motor drives that were modified to operate as SFCs. This approach has quite a lot of advantages which are described in this article. This paper describes both a standard shore connection system without a frequency converter and a solution that includes static frequency converters. The paper then focusses on voltage deviation estimations during connection/disconnection of large load (ferry or cruise ship) to static frequency converters. In this work, a high-voltage shore connection (HVSC) simulation model is developed, including a frequency converter, a shoreside transformer, medium-voltage (MV) connection cables, and a power system of the ship, to analyze in detail the behavior of the system in the case of connection or disconnection of the ship load. The model was made in DIgSILENT PowerFactory for the case of a commercial port in southern France. The model gives credible estimations of voltage drops/surges during transient and steady states.

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Section: Shore Connection Stadardisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Drop Estimation during Shore Connection with the Use of Motor Drives Modified as Static Frequency Converters

Vrzala

Goňo

Stacho³

et al. 2023

Processes

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show abstract

“…The proposed SP-T uses two conditions to generate forecast sequences, namely ex-ternal factor information and experience-based load curve information. The EPA-based method is proposed by the Environmental and Protection Agency (EPA) [9]. This method predicts the ship's load based on the installed power of the ship.…”

Section: The Shore Power Transformer (Sp-t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where 𝝆 𝜶 represents the parameter used to estimate 𝑷 𝑨𝑬 , which can be determined from historical energy consumption data and existing research [9]. Similarly, the power demands 𝑷 𝒃 in the port also can be estimated using the estimated parameter 𝝆 𝒉 .…”

Section: The Shore Power Transformer (Sp-t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there were few researches in the field of load forecasting for shore power system. For the shore power, the total load level mainly depends on the types, the duration of berth, and the operating characteristics of ships [9]. Furthermore, the load level for a single type of ship often depends on its size, energy-consuming equipment, cargo type, total cargo volume, electricity usage time, operating status, and electricity usage habits [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Reports Shore Power Load Forecasting based on a Novel Transformer Method with Feature Selection

Zuo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Shipping plays an important role in transporting goods, but it also brings air pollution such as nitrogen and sulfur compounds. Meanwhile, shore power can provide daily work power for ships calling at ports, and it can reduce the pollution of the port. Load forecasting of shore power plays an important role in power decision-making. In this work, we proposed a load forecasting model based on the Transformer and the conditional generation. The Firefly Algorithm (FA) was designed to extract the represented condition features. The proposed shore power transformer (SP-T) method adopts the probability distribution of the target load as the prediction results. The two sub-models, SP-T-1 and SP-T-2, were used to predict the Gaussian distribution parameters μ and σ, respectively. It allowed decision-makers to set the confidence level to obtain the range of predicted values according to the actual situation. To evaluate the proposed model, we used 328 power load data (about 18568.4 hours) of different ships that berth at Zhenjiang Port with shore power. The experimental results showed that SP-T can effectively predict the load data of shore power, with an average P50RMSE was 46.997 and an average P90RMSE was 34.822.

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“…Still, it is better to conduct a forecasting method for all seasons including spring and autumn in order to obtain the overall pattern of ship berthing during all year. D'Agostino et al [116] performed OPS load forecasting by using two methods, namely the Environmental and Protection Agency (EPA)-based method and Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV)-based method. These techniques measure the ship's load demand based on four operating modes: sailing at sea, maneuvering, cargo handling in port, and idle mode.…”

Section: Load Forecastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Conceptualization and Operational Management of Seaport Microgrids on the Shore and Seaside

et al. 2021

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Seaports are well known as the medium that has evolved into the central link between sea and land for complex marine activities. The growth in maritime logistics particularly necessitates a large volume of energy supply in order to maintain the operation of sea trade, resulting in an imbalance between generation and demand sides. Future projections for three major concerns show an increase in load demand, cost of operation, and environmental issues. In order to overcome these problems, integrating microgrids as an innovative technology in the seaport power system appears to be a vital strategy. It is believed that microgrids enhance seaport operation by providing sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy. Although microgrids are well established and widely used in a variety of operations on land, their incorporation into the seaport is still limited. The involvement of a variety of heavy loads such as all-electric ships, cranes, cold ironing, and buildings infrastructure renders it a complicated arrangement task in several aspects, which necessitates further research and leaves space for improvement. In this paper, an overview of the seaport microgrids in terms of their concepts and operation management is presented. It provides the perspectives for integrating the microgrid concept into a seaport from both shore side and seaside as a smart initiative for the green port’s vision. Future research directions are discussed towards the development of a more efficient marine power system.

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On Estimating the Port Power Demands for Cold Ironing Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Voltage Drop Estimation during Shore Connection with the Use of Motor Drives Modified as Static Frequency Converters

Voltage Drop Estimation during Shore Connection with the Use of Motor Drives Modified as Static Frequency Converters

Scientific Reports Shore Power Load Forecasting based on a Novel Transformer Method with Feature Selection

A Review of the Conceptualization and Operational Management of Seaport Microgrids on the Shore and Seaside

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