“…The heterogeneity that we document (in beliefs, ESG holdings, and climate concerns) has interesting consequences for both theory and policy. On the theory side, it can be used to calibrate and discipline theoretical models that explicitly consider investors who are driven by different motivations for ESG investing (Heinkel et al, 2001;Berk and van Binsbergen, 2021;Goldstein et al, 2022;Pástor et al, 2021). On the policy side, tracking the evolution of investors' ESG attitudes and investments can help policymakers align their regulatory and legislative responses to climate change with corresponding pressures from investors and other market participants.…”