“…By simulating these interactions as games, managers can obtain insight into decision-making processes, predict the behavior of rivals, and optimize their own strategies. Game theory has numerous applications in the field of management science [16,17,3], including pricing strategies [18,19,44], negotiation tactics [20], supply chain management [22], and organizational behavior [21,9]. It enables administrators to make informed decisions by taking into account not only their own actions, but also the potential responses of others.…”