On development of fibre-ice-composites

Vasiliev, Nicolai

doi:10.1016/0165-232x(93)90007-u

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…No other ice composite was made for a long time after that until WWII where an ice fleet was proposed to be made using "pykrete" a mixture of ice and wood pulp. Ever since then a number of studies has been made that showed that fibrous materials are best to reinforce ice (Vasiliev, 1993). The different type of composite can be divided in two categories derived from the reinforcement method: microscopic and macroscopic (Vasiliev, Pronk, Shatalina, Janssen, & Houben, 2015).…”

Section: Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past years, a great interest was given to wood, fiberglass and asbestos (Vasiliev, 1993) as a reinforcement material. At the moment, wood as pykrete and cryotropic gel formation (CGF) are the most researched materials due to low costs and low impact on the environment as wood is a natural material and CGF is often used with xanthan gum and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Vasiliev, et al, 2015).…”

Section: Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vasiliev tested the material on numerous occasions (Vasiliev, 1993& Vasiliev, 2015 and found out that fibrous materials are the most effective ice strenghteners. The strength can be calculated with the following formula: As can be derived from the formula, fibres with high strength and elastic modulus are best for ice composites (Vasiliev, 1993). However this formula is quite experimental and should be used as a starting point rather than a known fact.…”

Section: Pykretementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Building on Mars

Petrov¹,

Ochsendorf

2005

Civ. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently the possibilities of sending humans to Mars are being developed. This ambitious and exciting goal demands a broad range of new technologies, innovations and a fresh view on current challenges we are facing on Earth. This also applies to the field of Architectural and Building Technology. To start with, the need for building a sustainable habitat is established, where sustainability is defined as being as independent as possible from Earth, considering the communication delay (22 min), the travel time (at least 5 months) and the scarcity of "launch windows", which occur only once every 26 months. Therefore, being sustainable on Mars is vital. This aspect is leading to the research by focussing on using in-situ resources (ISRU). Based on this insight, the research question was formulated: Which in situ materials and forming techniques are suitable to create an outer shell for a sustainable habitat on Mars which protects the crew from the harsh Martian environment? The Martian habitat will have to protect the crew from, among others, radiation and the extreme temperatures (ranging from 20 °C to-153 °C). Literature study shows that ice provides an excellent shield against radiation. Moreover, ice is widely present on Mars. Hence, a number of experiments were performed to test the feasibility of using ice as a building material. These included a mixing test, a melting test and a compressive strength test. The experiments were done using different variables and environments. The results for all three tests were the same: the addition of sand or plastic does not upgrade the building properties of the ice. However, adding salt does improve the building properties. The outcome of the experiments indicates that up to 15 ppt of NaCl increases the compressive strength from an average of 1 MPa to 4 MPa. A higher percentage of sodium chloride does not influence the compressive strength. The experiments also indicated that the colder the testing environment (up to-70°C), the higher the compressive strength of the NaCl ice is. The warmer the environment (up to +25°C), the more ductile the NaCl ice behaves. A further challenge to building a habitat on Mars is that it has to be built semi-remotely. This thesis singles out the use of robotic technology, which can perform all tasks necessary to build the habitat, ranging from mining the ice to assembling the building. A short analysis indicates that the use of additive manufacturing has great potential for the assembling of the building. In this thesis, preliminary studies and experiments have been conducted on additive manufacturing techniques for sodium chloride ice. The main outcome is that the ice structure has a greater overall strength due to the freezing of the ice layer by layer. This technique also enables the possibility of repair during the building phase as the water fills the possible cracks, and then expands upon freezing, creating a stronger structure. Finally, a habitat has been designed to assess if the technological findings are useful and comply with the...

show abstract

Section: Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pykretementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Building on Mars

Petrov¹,

Ochsendorf

2005

Civ. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, appropriate measures need to be taken to ameliorate the mechanical properties of plain ice. A variety of materials including alluvium [6], sand [7], and fiberglass net and cloth [8] were introduced into plain ice as reinforcement. The test results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of plain ice were enhanced after introducing the aforementioned materials in ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of plain ice were enhanced after introducing the aforementioned materials in ice. For example, the compressive strength of the ice specimens modified by 2% volumetric content of fiberglass net was twice as large as that of the plain ice at−20 • C [8]. Moreover, sawdust is another popular reinforcing material for the modification of plain ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Behavior of Circular Sawdust-Reinforced Ice-Filled Flax FRP Tubular Short Columns

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sawdust-reinforced ice-filled flax fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubular (SIFFT) columns are newly proposed to be used as structural components in cold areas. A SIFFT column is composed of an external flax FRP tube filled with sawdust-reinforced ice. The compressive behavior of circular SIFFT short columns was systematically investigated. Four types of short columns with circular sections, including three plain ice specimens, three sawdust-reinforced ice specimens (a mixture of 14% sawdust and 86% ice in weight), nine plain ice-filled flax FRP tubular (PIFFT) specimens and nine SIFFT specimens, were tested to assess the concept of the innovative composite columns. The test variables were the thickness of flax FRP tubes and the type of ice cores. The test results indicated that the lateral dilation and the development of cracks of the ice cores were effectively suppressed by outer flax FRP tubes, thus causing a considerable enhancement in the compressive strength. Moreover, the compressive behavior, energy-absorption capacity, and anti-melting property of sawdust-reinforced ice cores were better than those of plain ice cores confined by flax FRP tubes with the same thicknesses. The proposed equations for estimating ultimate bearing capacities of PIFFT and SIFFT short columns were shown to provide reasonable and accurate predictions.

show abstract