On detailed deviation zone evaluation of scanned surfaces for automatic detection of defected regions

Skin Imaging: A Digital Twin for Geometric Deviations on Manufactured Surfaces

“…Consequently, the coordinates of the points (in the scanner coordinate system) are mapped to the PCA-coordinate system. According to [45] if The last two main steps are common for skin image generation of any kind of surface, while the first main step (Deviation-Coordinate System generation) differs. The fundamental of skin imaging has been thoroughly explained in [45].…”

“…According to [45] if The last two main steps are common for skin image generation of any kind of surface, while the first main step (Deviation-Coordinate System generation) differs. The fundamental of skin imaging has been thoroughly explained in [45]. Hence, in the following, a concise explanation is presented: I-Deviation-Coordinate System generation on the planar surface:…”

“…The current paper is an extension of our previous research [45] to demonstrate the concept of "Skin Imaging" on cylindrical and spherical surfaces, which are widely used in most industrial products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the detailed deviation zone evaluation (DDZE) of these surfaces is generated from the point cloud captured from the real industrial surfaces.…”

“…Recently, the "Skin Imaging" methodology as a new concept of the skin model has been introduced and discussed in [45]. A skin image is an enriched 2D digital twin of the actual geometric deviation of any surface and evaluates the detailed deviation zone of the surface by intensity variations of its pixels.…”

“…The application of skin image in automatic detection and correction cycles in manufacturing phases has been discussed in depth in [45]. In a nutshell, 3D defect detection from the PC has been a challenge over the years.…”