On‐demand tuned hazard free elastomeric composites: A green approach

Abstract

Rising ecological concerns and depletion of the potentially harmful environmental impacts caused by rubber products, are of prime importance in the industry. Therefore, implementation of sustainable greener materials is required to minimize the detrimental influences. In this research, we investigated the beneficial influence of naturally derived bio-resin toward the effects of association with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in highly dispersible silica (HDS) reinforced Natural rubber (NR)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)-based composites. This novel green composite offers impressive properties which were analyzed based on bound rubber content, transmission electron microscopy, physico-mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and cure characteristics. Nanoindentation studies demonstrated the enhanced hysteresis phenomenon of the green composites. The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) characterization has been studied by using a Beaucage model and results corroborates that the insertion of bio-resin exhibits ameliorated state of silica dispersion in the green composites. Overall, the study with the bio-resin has provided the impetus in employing it as an alternative to the expensive synthetic route of silane coupling agent and toxic process oil.

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

“…13,14 These primarily include replacing conventional ZnO with nano ZnO, zinc complexes, functionalized ZnO, and other metal oxides. 15 Because of its smaller particle size and higher surface area, nano ZnO can assist in minimizing the amount of ZnO used in rubber formulations, resulting in better dispersion in the matrix. The introduction of a new type of ZnO termed active ZnO, which has a large surface area of 30-70 m 2 /g changed the activation ability dramatically.…”

“…Several studies have reduced or eliminated the ZnO in rubber compounding 13,14 . These primarily include replacing conventional ZnO with nano ZnO, zinc complexes, functionalized ZnO, and other metal oxides 15 . Because of its smaller particle size and higher surface area, nano ZnO can assist in minimizing the amount of ZnO used in rubber formulations, resulting in better dispersion in the matrix.…”

Agricultural proteins as multifunctional additives in ZnO‐free synthetic isoprene rubber vulcanizates

“…[19][20][21] However, the use of ZnO is problematic because it is expensive, high density, and ecotoxic. [19][20][21] However, the use of ZnO is problematic because it is expensive, high density, and ecotoxic.…”

“…improve vulcanization kinetics, processability, and physical properties, such as abrasion resistance. [19][20][21] However, the use of ZnO is problematic because it is expensive, high density, and ecotoxic. 5,22 The Environmental Protection Agency and European Union have suggested that the use of ZnO be reduced due to its detrimental effects on aquatic organisms.…”

Eco‐friendly composites derived from naturally occurring molecules in promoting dispersion of nanosized silica particulates

“…Furthermore, ENR was used as a compatibilizer in organic filler filled NR composites wherein cure characteristics, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties were found to be improved Terpenoids (referred to interchangeably as terpenes) are sometimes called isoprenoids. Terpene occurs in all living organisms but attains their greatest structural and functional diversity in plants . In fact, terpene constitutes the largest and most diverse class of plant compounds .…”