On-demand frequency tunability of fluidic antenna implemented with gallium-based liquid metal alloy

Kim, Dae-Young; Doo, Seok Joo; Won, Heong Sup; Lee, Woojin; Jeon, Jinpyo; Chung, Sang Kug; Lee, Gil-Young; Oh, Semyoung; Lee, Jeong-Bong

doi:10.1051/epjap/2017160346

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Gallium, on the other hand, can be combined with other metals to create the binary alloy, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) and ternary alloy gallium, indium, and stannum (Galinstan). Due to its nontoxic property, the application of Gallium-based alloys is growing steadily in reconfigurable antenna technology [ 32 ]. Besides that, Gallium-based liquid metals also feature unique chemical properties and excellent electrical conductivity [ 33 ].…”

Section: Nontoxic Liquid Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fluid inlet and outlet also has been introduced in [ 36 ], where a syringe is used to generate the pressure-driven air bubble actuation. In [ 32 ], the applied air pressure using syringe is used to control the physical length of the antenna. This process, while remaining repeatable and reversible, results in less radio frequency losses than CEW actuation.…”

Section: Nontoxic Liquid Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [ 32 ], the frequency tunability of the fluidic antenna is enabled by changing the liquid metal feedline. In this design, a bottom and top plate are bonded together to form fluidic channels using plasma treatment.…”

Section: Design Concepts Of Nontoxic Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example is the PIFA with liquid metal designed for operation in the low frequency range (698–746 MHz) in [ 22 ]. On the other hand, antennas with a wide bandwidth (ranging from 2.2 to 9.3 GHz) can be designed using shaped liquid metal, as highlighted in [ 32 ]. On the other hand, a double switchable patch operated between 14.2 and 15.1 GHz in [ 46 ] resulted in a moderate gain from 3 to 3.7 dBi.…”

Section: Design Concepts Of Nontoxic Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Amentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

Bakar

Rahim

Soh

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Advances in reconfigurable liquid-based reconfigurable antennas are enabling new possibilities to fulfil the requirements of more advanced wireless communication systems. In this review, a comparative analysis of various state-of-the-art concepts and techniques for designing reconfigurable antennas using liquid is presented. First, the electrical properties of different liquids at room temperature commonly used in reconfigurable antennas are identified. This is followed by a discussion of various liquid actuation techniques in enabling high frequency reconfigurability. Next, the liquid-based reconfigurable antennas in literature used to achieve the different types of reconfiguration will be critically reviewed. These include frequency-, polarization-, radiation pattern-, and compound reconfigurability. The current concepts of liquid-based reconfigurable antennas can be classified broadly into three basic approaches: altering the physical (and electrical) dimensions of antennas using liquid; applying liquid-based sections as reactive loads; implementation of liquids as dielectric resonators. Each concept and their design approaches will be examined, outlining their benefits, limitations, and possible future improvements.

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Section: Nontoxic Liquid Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nontoxic Liquid Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Concepts Of Nontoxic Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Concepts Of Nontoxic Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Amentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

Bakar

Rahim

Soh

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fluid inlet and outlet also has been introduced in [40], where a syringe is used to generate the pressure-driven air bubble actuation. In [32], the applied air pressure using syringe is used to control the physical length of the antenna. This process, while remaining repeatable and reversible, results in less radio frequency losses than CEW actuation.…”

Section: Liquid Metal Actuation In Reconfigurable Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

Bakar

Rahim

Soh

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Advances in reconfigurable liquid-based reconfigurable antennas are enabling new possibilities to fulfil the requirements of more advanced wireless communication systems. In this review, a comparative analysis of various state-of-the-art concepts and techniques for designing reconfigurable antennas using liquid is presented. First, the electrical properties of different liquids at room temperature commonly used in reconfigurable antennas are identified. This is followed by a discussion of various liquid actuation techniques in enabling high frequency reconfigurability. Next, liquid-based reconfigurable antennas in literature used to achieve the different types of reconfiguration will be critically reviewed. These include frequency-, polarization-, radiation pattern- and compound reconfigurability. The current concepts of liquid-based reconfigurable antennas can be classified broadly into three basic approaches: altering the physical (and electrical) dimensions of antennas using liquid, applying liquid-based sections as reactive loads; and implementation of liquids as dielectric resonators. Each concept and their design approaches will be examined, outlining their benefits, limitations, and possible future improvements.

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A Rapid and Straightforward Liquid Metal Patterning Technique on Paper Using Laser Printer for Soft Electronics

Kim,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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In this paper, we report a gallium‐based liquid metal patterning for paper‐based soft electronics. We propose a method which is rapid and straightforward liquid metal patterning on a printing paper using selective surface wetting properties obtained by waterproof agent coating and laser printed‐toner coating. A waterproof agent‐coated paper showed lyophilic properties, while a toner‐printed paper showed lyophobic properties against the liquid metal. On a printing paper, a waterproof agent was sprayed and a desired pattern was printed through a commercial laser printer where printing toner was coated. Then, a roller with a sponge soaked with liquid metal was rolled over on the paper to be printed with a desired pattern. Due to selective wetting property, the liquid metal was patterned on the paper. We believe that this is one of the most simple, straightforward yet quite versatile liquid metal patterning method. Various line patterns whose widths, spacing, and angles were varied to find out the minimum patterning size/shape of the liquid metal. The minimum line pattern width, spacing, and patternable angle were 50 µm, 200 µm, and 3 °, respectively. To demonstrate the versatility of shape patterning on the paper, a university symbol and a map shape were coated with the liquid metal. We demonstrated bending, folding, cutting and pasting, and burning of the light‐emitting diode (LED) circuit fabricated on paper. Deposition of 3 µm Parylene on top of the liquid metal patterned paper worked as a passivation layer, and no damage was noticed when the liquid metal pattern on paper was repeatedly folded and bent, and we finally demonstrated a pressure sensor using our proposed method by measuring resistance.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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On-demand frequency tunability of fluidic antenna implemented with gallium-based liquid metal alloy

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

A Rapid and Straightforward Liquid Metal Patterning Technique on Paper Using Laser Printer for Soft Electronics

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