On-Demand Frequency Reconfigurable Flexible Antenna for 5Gsub-6-GHz and ISM Band Applications

Hussain, Mohamed Azlan; Rizvi, Syed Naheel Raza; Awan, Wahaj Abbas; Husain, Niamat; Halima,; Hameed, Ahsan

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6893-4_98

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The proposed patch antenna for future communications is presented with electromagnetic simulation based on the wave iterative method (WCIP) algorithm. The design methodology was initiated by designing a compact conventional microstrip antenna for 118.87 GHz, and the equations to find the parameters of the antenna are presented in the following paper [12], then the antenna was miniaturized until we found the proposed antenna in Fig. 4, by increasing the rectangular slots, so that the antenna covers the spectrum of the 118.87 GHz band distributed in the world for future applications.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, when one wishes to simulate complex structures (from the point of view of geometry), it is necessary to make a discretization (differential methods) or to define a set of test functions (integral methods) that can limit the use of these test functions. Nevertheless, to support the exponential increase in the number of users, the next generation of communication systems will need to use high data rates and be low cost and efficient, as shown in [8][9][10][11][12]. The THz regime is one of the continuing challenges facing materials technology and the development of electronic and photonic devices [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design, Analysis, and Modeling Using WCIP Method of Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna for THz Applications

Mondir¹,

Setti²,

Haffar³

2022

PIER C

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This paper aims to model and analyze planar antennas for high frequencies using an iterative wave design procedure (WCIP). The formulation adopted in the method allowed determining a basic equation for the interaction of linearly combined electromagnetic fields with the incident and reflected waves in various dielectric media over a discontinuity. In this paper, we design a broadband terahertz patch antenna using graphene. We propose to design a new numerical tool to model the implementation of graphene to achieve an efficient and flexible antenna. The design methodology started with the design of a compact conventional microstrip antenna for 118.87 GHz, and the antenna was then miniaturized using rectangular slots. Based on the simulation results, the suggested structure antenna with a slot can offer great characteristics in terms of broadband performance and frequency reconfiguration using various voltages on the graphene. The antenna provides frequency bands f r1 = 118.7 GHz, f r2 = 120 GHz, f r3 = 123.36 GHz, f r4 = 128.27 GHz, f r5 = 131 GHz, and f r6 = 132.8 GHz with bandwidths ∆f r1 = 9.5 GHz, ∆f r2 = 3.66 GHz, ∆f r3 = 4 GHz, ∆f r4 = 3.23 GHz, ∆f r5 = 3.401 GHz, ∆f r6 = 3.01 GHz and uniform radiation patterns, the value of VSWR between 1 and 2 for different chemical potential values respectively µ c = 0.1 eV, µ c = 0.2 eV, µ c = 0.3 eV, µ c = 0.4 eV, µ c = 0.5 eV, µ c = 0.6 eV using polyimide with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.008. In addition, we studied the effect of different substrate materials (Arlon and Duroid 5880). The simulation is performed using a new WCIP equation, and the validation is performed by comparison with the finite integration method in technique (FIT). A comparison of the computation time is presented in this paper.

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Analysis, and Modeling Using WCIP Method of Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna for THz Applications

Mondir¹,

Setti²,

Haffar³

2022

PIER C

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“…An antenna array was developed for 5G systems by orienting four antenna elements on a 3D profile and separated with MTM defects; such an antenna provided a high gain-bandwidth product. However, the proposed antenna in [ 18 ] was very complicated and not applicable with low-profile devices [ 19 ]. Moreover, another design was proposed in [ 20 ] based on a reconfigurable antenna element with optical switches but without considering the array systems analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Printed Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna Based on a Novel Metamaterial Structures for 5G Applications

Al-Hadeethi

Elwi²,

İbrahim

2023

Micromachines

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A novel antenna structure is constructed from cascading multi-stage metamaterial (MTM) unit cells-based printed monopole antenna for 5G mobile communication networks. The proposed antenna is constructed from a printed conductive trace that fetches four MTM unit cells through four T-Resonators (TR) structures. Such a combination is introduced to enhance the antenna gain-bandwidth products at sub-6GHz bands after exiting the antenna with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed. The antenna circuitry is fabricated by etching a copper layer that is mounted on Taconic RF-43 substrate. Therefore, the proposed antenna occupies an effective area of 51 × 24 mm2. The proposed antenna provides an acceptable matching impedance with S11 ≤ −10 dB at 3.7 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.9 GHz. The antenna radiation patterns are evaluated at the frequency bands of interest with a gain average of 9.1–11.6 dBi. Later, to control the antenna performance, four optical switches based on LDR resistors are applied to control the antenna gain at 5.85 GHz, which is found to vary from 2 dBi to 11.6 dBi after varying the value of the LDR resistance from 700 Ω to 0 Ω, in descending manner. It is found that the proposed antenna provides an acceptable bit error rate (BER) with varying the antenna gain in a very acceptable manner in comparison to the ideal performance. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated to be tested experimentally in in free space and in close to the human body for portable applications.

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“…The authors in [20] reported that the antenna's gain decreases as the OAM mode order increases. In regards to flexible antenna for 5G sub-6 GHz bands, the authors in [21] designed and simulated a reconfigurable antenna to operate at four different frequency bands. The gain obtained at 2.45, 3.85 and 3.2 GHz was 1.8, 2.9 and 2.78 dBi respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Order OAM Mode Generation Using Wearable Antenna for 5G NR Bands

Noor¹,

Ismail²,

Yasin³

et al. 2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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This paper presents a flexible and wearable textile array antenna designed to generate Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) waves with Mode +2 at 3.5 GHz (3.4 to 3.6 GHz) of the sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) band. The proposed antenna is based on a uniform circular array of eight microstrip patch antennas on a felt textile substrate. In contrast to previous works involving the use of rigid substrates to generate OAM waves, this work explored the use of flexible substrates to generate OAM waves for the first time. Other than that, the proposed antenna was simulated, analyzed, fabricated, and tested to confirm the generation of OAM Mode +2. With the same design, OAM Mode −2 can be generated readily simply by mirror imaging the feed network. Note that the proposed antenna operated at the desired frequency of 3.5 GHz with an overall bandwidth of 400 MHz in free space. Moreover, mode purity analysis is carried out to verify the generation of OAM Mode +2, and the purity obtained was 41.78% at free space flat condition. Furthermore, the effect of antenna bending on the purity of the generated OAM mode is also investigated. Lastly, the influence of textile properties on OAM modes is examined to assist future researchers in choosing suitable fabrics to design flexible OAM-based antennas. After a comprehensive analysis considering different factors related to wearable applications, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of generating OAM waves using textile antennas. Furthermore, as per the obtained Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), it is found that the proposed antenna is safe to be deployed. The findings of this work have a significant implication for body-centric communications.

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On-Demand Frequency Reconfigurable Flexible Antenna for 5Gsub-6-GHz and ISM Band Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Design, Analysis, and Modeling Using WCIP Method of Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna for THz Applications

Design, Analysis, and Modeling Using WCIP Method of Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna for THz Applications

A Printed Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna Based on a Novel Metamaterial Structures for 5G Applications

Higher Order OAM Mode Generation Using Wearable Antenna for 5G NR Bands

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