On Cross Correlation in Antenna Arrays With Applications to Spatial Diversity and MIMO Systems

Abstract

We develop a general approach to cross correlation in antenna systems suitable for applications to spatial diversity and MIMO systems. The far-field correlation is expressed in terms of the currents on the antennas. The basic strategy proposed here is to perform the overall evaluation of cross correlation by means of superposition integrals involving contributions emerging from all possible mutual correlations between the point sources on the antenna currents where interactions are mediated by a new cross correlation Green's function. The method is verified and demonstrated in several numerical examples and a design methodology aiming at maximizing the diversity gain is outlined and illustrated. It is also shown that arbitrary antenna arrays can be reduced to suitable models involving only infinitesimal dipoles, in effect enabling us to compute the total diversity gain using the cross correlation Green's function. The formulation provided here gives the electromagnetic aspect of spatial diversity an articulated form proper for design and development of practical communication links using multiple antenna systems.

Compact planar frequency reconfigurable multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna with pattern and polarization diversity characteristics for WiFi and WiMAX standards

“…It is calculated by using far field based formula in CST microwave studio and also given in. 39 Figure 15A shows that the value of ECC <0.05; which is desirable value. Figure 15A also shows simulated total efficiency plots.…”

“…Basic parameter to measure the diversity performance of MIMO antenna is ECC. It is calculated by using far field based formula in CST microwave studio and also given in . Figure A shows that the value of ECC <0.05; which is desirable value.…”

An Efficient Analytical Evaluation of the Electromagnetic Cross Correlation Green’s Function in MIMO Systems

“…Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. route), the concept of cross-correlation Green's functions (CGFs) was first introduced in [16], [17] and later elaborated for antenna design applications [30], [18]. A preliminary step of this CGF-based correlation calculation is to construct a suitable infinitesimal dipole model (IDM) for the radiating MIMO antenna current distribution (see [19]- [28] for detailed theory and applications of IDM).…”

“…A preliminary step of this CGF-based correlation calculation is to construct a suitable infinitesimal dipole model (IDM) for the radiating MIMO antenna current distribution (see [19]- [28] for detailed theory and applications of IDM). The next step is to employ suitable CGFs in order to compute individual ID-pair interactions systematically and then combine them togethoer to construct the global correlation matrices of the system [16]. Application of CGFs to realize high diversity gain MIMO antenna arrays as well as dual-polarized massive MIMO systems has been reported in recent past [29]- [32].…”

An Introduction to the Source Concept for Antennas

“…Recently, a number of papers, see e. g. [1], [2] have been published which attempt to use only antenna geometry and source distribution (electric or magnetic or both currents) when evaluating the performance of antennas using spatially limited integrations over current density. This is advantageous as you do not have to deal with integrals involving radiated field in the whole space.…”