On correct definition and use of normal heights in geodesy

Novák, Pavel; Sansò, Fernando

doi:10.1007/s11200-023-1138-0

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The task arises of identifying the degree of this heterogeneity (height anomalies, differences in the shape of the quasi-geoid from the ellipsoid), which in particular can be achieved for a certain area of the earth's surface by constructing local models of the quasi-geoid [1]. Local models of the quasi-geoid are essential for understanding the heights (H N ) of these points should still be determined on the basis of geometric leveling [2,3]. The object of this study is the territory of Lebanon, where there is neither an official national geoid model, nor gravimetric data, and accordingly, there is no state altitude network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, through GNSS technology, the geodetic coordinates (φ, λ, h) of a point of interest on Earth are effectively determined. However, the exact values of the normal heights (H N ) of these points should still be determined on the basis of geometric leveling [2,3]. The object of this study is the territory of Lebanon, where there is neither an official national geoid model, nor gravimetric data, and accordingly, there is no state altitude network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accurate Height Determination in Uneven Terrains with Integration of Global Navigation Satellite System Technology and Geometric Levelling: A Case Study in Lebanon

Mustafin,

Moussa

2024

Computation

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The technology for determining a point’s coordinates on the earth’s surface using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is becoming the norm along with ground-based methods. In this case, determining coordinates does not cause any particular difficulties. However, to identify normal heights using this technology with a given accuracy, special research is required. The fact is that satellite determinations of geodetic heights (h) over an ellipsoid surface differ from ground-based measurements of normal height (HN) over a quasi-geoid surface by a certain value called quasi-geoid height or height anomaly (ζ). In relation to determining heights of a certain territory, the concept of geoid height (N) is usually operated when dealing with a geoid model. In this work, geodetic and normal heights are determined for five control points in three different regions in Lebanon, where measurements are carried out using GNSS technology and geometric levelling. The obtained quasi-geoid heights are compared with geoid heights derived from the global Earth model EGM2008. The results obtained showed that, in the absence of gravimetric data, the combination of global Earth model data, geometric levelling for selected areas, and satellite determinations allows for the creation of a highly accurate altitude network for mountainous areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%