On-chip sampling of optical fields with attosecond resolution

Bionta, Mina R.; Ritzkowsky, Felix; Turchetti, Marco; Yang, Yujia; Mor, Dario Cattozzo; Putnam, William P.; Kärtner, Franz X.; Berggren, Karl K.; Keathley, Phillip D.

doi:10.1038/s41566-021-00792-0

Cited by 74 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our measurements indicate that charge interaction starts to affect the electron dynamics above a near-field intensity of 7.5 × 10 13 W/cm 2 or around 1000 e − /shot for 4.5 fs pulses at 750 nm and tungsten needle tips with a tip radius of around 40 nm. While the strong-field tunneling photocurrent experiments on nano-bowties and triangles [25,28,29,31,48] focus mainly on the CEP-dependent current which is on the order of one electron per shot, the total number of charges per shot is typically several orders of magnitude higher [26,27,31] and therefore in a similar regime as for our experiment. Our study also shows that despite the clear charge interaction, waveform-dependent photocurrents can be measured, which is important for the development of applications of field-controlled currents.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 77%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Onset of space-charge effects in strong-field photocurrents from nanometric needle tips

Schötz,

Seiffert,

Maliakkal

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strong-field photoemission from nanostructures and the associated temporally modulated currents play a key role in the development of ultrafast vacuum optoelectronics. Optical light fields could push their operation bandwidth into the petahertz domain. A critical aspect for their functionality in the context of applications is the role of charge interactions, including space charge effects. Here, we investigated the photoemission and photocurrents from nanometric tungsten needle tips exposed to carrier-envelope phase-controlled few-cycle laser fields. We report a characteristic stepwise increase in the intensity-rescaled cutoff energies of emitted electrons beyond a certain intensity value. By comparison with simulations, we identify this feature as the onset of charge-interaction dominated photoemission dynamics. Our results are anticipated to be relevant also for the strongfield photoemission from other nanostructures, including photoemission from plasmonic nano-bowtie antennas used in carrier-envelope phase-detection and for PHz-scale devices.

show abstract

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…electronics driven by optical fields on the PHz-scale. Based on plasmonic nano-bowtie antennas, the CEP-detection using currents [25][26][27], a potential PHz-scale diode [28] and recently on-chip field-resolved sampling of optical waveforms [29] have been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of space-charge effects in strong-field photocurrents from nanometric needle tips

Schötz,

Seiffert,

Maliakkal

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter point is not only important for enabling measurable signal amplitudes in our sampling setup 27 , 28 but also for future devices, to ensure that a created electronic signal clears the interaction zone before the arrival of a new optical signal, a minimum prerequisite for a rapid succession of switching processes. Field sampling based on tunneling ionization with a perturbation 41 has been demonstrated using field enhancement at a gold nanoantenna 42 . So far, the technique focused on a vacuum channel for electron transport, but the concept may be transferable to tunneling into the conduction band of a solid medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The speed limit of optoelectronics

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Light-field driven charge motion links semiconductor technology to electric fields with attosecond temporal control. Motivated by ultimate-speed electron-based signal processing, strong-field excitation has been identified viable for the ultrafast manipulation of a solid’s electronic properties but found to evoke perplexing post-excitation dynamics. Here, we report on single-photon-populating the conduction band of a wide-gap dielectric within approximately one femtosecond. We control the subsequent Bloch wavepacket motion with the electric field of visible light. The resulting current allows sampling optical fields and tracking charge motion driven by optical signals. Our approach utilizes a large fraction of the conduction-band bandwidth to maximize operating speed. We identify population transfer to adjacent bands and the associated group velocity inversion as the mechanism ultimately limiting how fast electric currents can be controlled in solids. Our results imply a fundamental limit for classical signal processing and suggest the feasibility of solid-state optoelectronics up to 1 PHz frequency.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the difference t1-t = 309.06946026x10 -12 s. that is, 309.06946026 picoseconds, which is fully measurable with precise technique. 5,7,8…”

Section: Example Of Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the velocity of an opaque body moving uniformly by measurements inside it

Elektronov¹

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper we show how the velocity of a moving uniform opaque body can be calculated without external references. This is done with the help of photodetectors, which measure the time of arrival of light from a point source to fixed equal distances inside the body. The calculation of the body’s velocity is based on the postulates of the special theory of relativity that space is homogeneous, isotropic and the speed of light in vacuum is an invariant constant with a certain value independent of the velocity of the radiation source.

show abstract

On-chip sampling of optical fields with attosecond resolution

Cited by 74 publications

References 43 publications

Onset of space-charge effects in strong-field photocurrents from nanometric needle tips

Onset of space-charge effects in strong-field photocurrents from nanometric needle tips

The speed limit of optoelectronics

Determination of the velocity of an opaque body moving uniformly by measurements inside it

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About