On-chip density-based sorting of supercooled droplets and frozen droplets in continuous flow

Porter, Grace C. E.; Sikora, Sebastien N. F.; Shim, Jung-uk; Murray, Benjamin J.; Tarn, Mark D.

doi:10.1039/d0lc00690d

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…4c). For example, it has been suggested that less snow and ice cover may lead to more widespread emission sources and higher dust emissions rates at high latitudes (Tobo et al, 2019;Prospero et al, 2012;Sanchez-Marroquin et al, 2020;Amino et al, 2020) (we discuss this further in Sect. 6).…”

Section: The Cloud-phase Feedback and The Importance Of Ice-nucleating Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be related to the proximity of terrestrial sources in the Northern Hemisphere that are less common in the Southern Hemisphere. Over recent years it has become increasingly apparent that there are significant dust emissions from a plethora of high-latitude sources, such as pro-glacial deposits (Bullard et al, 2016;Prospero et al, 2012). Samples from a handful of these sources have been shown to nucleate ice (Tobo et al, 2019;Paramonov et al, 2018;Sanchez-Marroquin et al, 2020), and dust from Iceland's deserts has been shown to be an important INP type across the North Atlantic and low Arctic (Sanchez-Marroquin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Inps In the Northern Middle To High Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opinion: Cloud-phase climate feedback and the importance of ice-nucleating particles

2021

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Abstract. Shallow clouds covering vast areas of the world's middle- and high-latitude oceans play a key role in dampening the global temperature rise associated with CO2. These clouds, which contain both ice and supercooled water, respond to a warming world by transitioning to a state with more liquid water and a greater albedo, resulting in a negative “cloud-phase” climate feedback component. Here we argue that the magnitude of the negative cloud-phase feedback component depends on the amount and nature of the small fraction of aerosol particles that can nucleate ice crystals. We propose that a concerted research effort is required to reduce substantial uncertainties related to the poorly understood sources, concentration, seasonal cycles and nature of these ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and their rudimentary treatment in climate models. The topic is important because many climate models may have overestimated the magnitude of the cloud-phase feedback, and those with better representation of shallow oceanic clouds predict a substantially larger climate warming. We make the case that understanding the present-day INP population in shallow clouds in the cold sector of cyclone systems is particularly critical for defining present-day cloud phase and therefore how the clouds respond to warming. We also need to develop a predictive capability for future INP emissions and sinks in a warmer world with less ice and snow and potentially stronger INP sources.

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Section: The Cloud-phase Feedback and The Importance Of Ice-nucleating Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inps In the Northern Middle To High Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion: Cloud-phase climate feedback and the importance of ice-nucleating particles

2021

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“…Recent advances in droplet microfluidic technology have allowed generation and study of phase changes of nano-to picoliter droplets for aerosol science applications [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. These devices range from microfluidic droplet generators for off-chip analysis [42,46], and onchip analysis with static arrays of droplet traps [45,47] to flow-through channel based devices [43,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flow-through stages can be particularly advantageous by generating droplets continuously throughout an experiment, allowing for high-throughput studies on a large number of droplets, and removing any potential contact with a solid surface or adjacent droplets by completely enveloping the target droplet in a liquid carrier phase. Additionally, these stages can be custom designed for sorting frozen droplets from liquid [44], enabling recovery of the droplets for downstream analysis. A disadvantage is that these droplets experience much higher droplet cooling rates when compared to typical rates experienced by cloud drops in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfluidic Device for Automated High Throughput Detection of Ice Nucleation of Snomax®

2021

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Measurement of ice nucleation (IN) temperature of liquid solutions at sub-ambient temperatures has applications in atmospheric, water quality, food storage, protein crystallography and pharmaceutical sciences. Here we present details on the construction of a temperature-controlled microfluidic platform with multiple individually addressable temperature zones and on-chip temperature sensors for high-throughput IN studies in droplets. We developed, for the first time, automated droplet freezing detection methods in a microfluidic device, using a deep neural network (DNN) and a polarized optical method based on intensity thresholding to classify droplets without manual counting. This platform has potential applications in continuous monitoring of liquid samples consisting of aerosols to quantify their IN behavior, or in checking for contaminants in pure water. A case study of the two detection methods was performed using Snomax® (Snomax International, Englewood, CO, USA), an ideal ice nucleating particle (INP). Effects of aging and heat treatment of Snomax® were studied with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a microfluidic platform to correlate secondary structure change of the IN protein in Snomax® to IN temperature. It was found that aging at room temperature had a mild impact on the ice nucleation ability but heat treatment at 95 °C had a more pronounced effect by reducing the ice nucleation onset temperature by more than 7 °C and flattening the overall frozen fraction curve. Results also demonstrated that our setup can generate droplets at a rate of about 1500/min and requires minimal human intervention for DNN classification.

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The effect of magnetic bead size on the isolation efficiency of lung cancer cells in a serpentine microchannel with added cavities

Su,

Vu-Dinh,

Lin

et al. 2024

Biomed Microdevices

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On-chip density-based sorting of supercooled droplets and frozen droplets in continuous flow

Abstract: We present a microfluidic platform for the continuous separation of frozen and unfrozen droplets based on differences in their density, allowing their sorting into different outlet channels with high efficiency towards applications in ice nucleation.

Cited by 5 publications

References 101 publications

Opinion: Cloud-phase climate feedback and the importance of ice-nucleating particles

Opinion: Cloud-phase climate feedback and the importance of ice-nucleating particles

A Microfluidic Device for Automated High Throughput Detection of Ice Nucleation of Snomax®

The effect of magnetic bead size on the isolation efficiency of lung cancer cells in a serpentine microchannel with added cavities

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