“…In other words, given the same initial conditions and equation, the system will always evolve in the same way. Following the development of the mathematical representation of chaos, it can be used in a wide range of fields, including engineering, computing, communications, biology and medicine, management and finance, consumer electronics (Ditto and Munakata 1995;Hilborn et al 2000;Banerjee et al 2012;Jun 2022;Yavari et al 2022).…”