“…In an effective approach to solve this problem, Wang et al [10] employed complex-exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM) for time-selective channels and extracted BEM coefficients from transmitted pilots in order to reconstruct the channel coefficients. Following that, a number of researchers further investigated this subject [11,12]. Several other references have employed orthogonal signalling, such as frequency shift keying (FSK), to circumvent the need for pilot or training symbols in time-varying environments [13].…”