On Channel Emulation Methods in Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups for Over-the-Air Testing

Ji, Yilin; Fan, Wei; Wu, Xingfeng

doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2824403

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They reveal that the multipath components experience a progress of decreasing with height ascending. To replay the measured or simulated A2G radio channels of various scenarios in lab environment in a repeatable and controlled way, Miao et al [66] simulated the UAV A2G channel in low altitude by ray tracer, and emulated the simulated channel in multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) using over-the-air (OTA) testing techniques [67].…”

Section: Uav Communication Channels a Air-to-ground Channels 1) mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on UAV Communication Channel Modeling

Yan¹,

Fu²,

et al. 2019

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have stroke great interested both by the academic community and the industrial community due to their diverse military applications and civilian applications. Furthermore, UAVs are also envisioned to be part of future airspace traffic. The application functions delivery relies on information exchange among UAVs as well as between UAVs and ground stations (GSs), which further closely depends on aeronautical channels. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive surveys on aeronautical channel modeling in line with the specific aeronautical characteristics and scenarios. To fill this gap, this paper focuses on reviewing the air-to-ground (A2G), ground-to-ground (G2G), and air-toair (A2A) channel measurements and modeling for UAV communications and aeronautical communications under various scenarios. We also provide the design guideline for managing the link budget of UAV communications taking account of link losses and channel fading effects. Moreover, we also analyze the receive/transmit diversity gain and spatial multiplexing gain achieved by multiple-antenna-aided UAV communications. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenge and open issues for the future development of UAV communication channel modeling.

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Section: Uav Communication Channels a Air-to-ground Channels 1) mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on UAV Communication Channel Modeling

Yan¹,

Fu²,

et al. 2019

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“…Similar proofs for (6) and (7) are formulated in [24], [25]. Furthermore, the channel covariance matrixR ota between the U Rx antennas is written aŝ…”

Section: ) Spatial Covariance Matrix Of the Reconstructed Channel Wimentioning

confidence: 97%

On Over-the-Air Testing for Devices With Directional Antennas

Xin

Zhe

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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This paper investigates the impact of devices under test (DUTs) with directional antennas on the recreated channel in the over-the-air (OTA) testing for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) devices using prefaded signal synthesis (PFS) technique. Assuming the uplink in real radio environments, the directional receiver (Rx) antenna patterns would affect the gains in different incoming directions, thereby affecting the spatial characteristics of the target channel. A typical multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) setup for massive MIMO base stations (BSs) is studied, where a limited number of probe antennas are distributed over the probe wall to emulate the target channel by proper probe weighting. The directional antenna patterns would have nonnegligible effects on the emulated spatial characteristics which may become inaccurate for DUTs with directional antennas and thus need to be reexamined. Therefore, the reconstructed channel with the PFS technique will be investigated under the MPAC setup in this paper, with particular focus on the DUTs with directional antennas. The deviations between the covariance matrix of the Rx antennas under the target channel and the covariance matrix under the reconstructed channel are used as the metric to evaluate the performance of the reconstructed channel, and the optimal probe weights are also re-determined. Furthermore, given beamforming capability of massive MIMO BSs, the impact of the BS antenna patterns on angular spectrum is investigated as well. In addition, since the reconstructed channel needs to not only reflect the spatial characteristics of Rx antennas but also reflect the spatial characteristics of transmitter antennas and propagation environment, the end-to-end channel capacities are evaluated. Simulation results under various scenarios show that the accuracies of the reconstructed channel in terms of spatial correlation, angular spectrum and channel capacity can be improved by using the re-optimized probe weights when directional antenna patterns of the DUTs are taken into account. INDEX TERMS Antenna pattern, angular spectrum, massive MIMO, OTA, spatial covariance matrix.

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“…SCF is an appropriate criterion of the spatial dimension, which is the similarity of the received signals by different Rx antennas within a test area. The expression of SCF is written as [9]…”

Section: B Spatial Correlation Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For MPAC method, on account of unknown of radiation pattern of DUT beforehand, it is an essential requirement to model the channel propagation environment and antennas separately [6]. The geometry-based stochastic channel models (GSCMs) are selected as the target channel models since they enable separation modeling of propagation channels and antennas at transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) side, such as SCM, SCME, WINNER and so on [7]- [9]. For GSCMs, channel propagation environment realizations are generated with the geometrical principle by summing contributions of rays represented by amplitude, directions of departure and arrival and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Channel emulation methods (CEMs) map the target channel onto the limited number of probes to synthesize the target channel, which differ in the signals radiated from probes. For example, each probe transmits a single sinusoid with a certain amplitude, doppler frequency and random initial phase for spatial fading emulator (SFE) [14]- [17] while each probe transmits sum of sinusoids for prefaded signal synthesis (PFS) [7], [9], [18]. In addition, different CEMs consider different aspects of the channel model as the target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation and Analysis of 3D Channel Emulation Method in Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber Setups

Wang

Gao

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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The multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) based method is a candidate to assess the performance of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) devices over the air. This paper investigates the core problem, channel emulation method (CEM), in MPAC setups. The CEM is utilized to map the desired channel onto the limited number of probes to synthesize the target channel environment within a certain test area. In addition, the channel in realistic propagation environment is a three-dimensional (3D) channel, which can achieve higher data transmission rate by containing both azimuth and elevation dimension. Hence, it is urgent to investigate the CEM for 3D channels in MPAC setups. In this paper, the implementation of a novel CEM for 3D channels is presented, which allocates the subpaths in a simple way and complements the drawbacks of prefaded synthesis method and spatial fading emulator. Furthermore, the impact of the target channel and probe configuration on the emulation accuracy in terms of temporal correlation function (TCF) and spatial correlation function (SCF) is discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that the emulation accuracy of TCF depends more on the motion direction of MIMO devices while that of SCF depends more on the probes distribution. Moreover, probes number decides the emulation accuracy first. If the same number of probes are applied, the coincidence of the probe configuration and the target channel determines the emulation accuracy. INDEX TERMS Channel emulation method, multi-probe anechoic chamber, spatial correlation, temporal correlation.

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On Channel Emulation Methods in Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups for Over-the-Air Testing

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

A Comprehensive Survey on UAV Communication Channel Modeling

A Comprehensive Survey on UAV Communication Channel Modeling

On Over-the-Air Testing for Devices With Directional Antennas

Implementation and Analysis of 3D Channel Emulation Method in Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber Setups

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