On Bose–Einstein condensation and superfluidity of trapped photons with coordinate-dependent mass and interactions

Abstract

The condensate density profile of trapped two-dimensional gas of photons in an optical microcavity, filled by a dye solution, is analyzed taking into account a coordinate-dependent effective mass of cavity photons and photon-photon coupling parameter. The profiles for the densities of the superfluid and normal phases of trapped photons in the different regions of the system at the fixed temperature are analyzed. The radial dependencies of local mean-field phase transition temperature T 0 c (r) and local Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature Tc(r) for trapped microcavity photons are obtained. The coordinate dependence of cavity photon effective mass and photon-photon coupling parameter is important for the mirrors of smaller radius with the high trapping frequency, which provides BEC and superfluidity for smaller critical number of photons at the same temperature. We discuss a possibility of an experimental study of the density profiles for the normal and superfluid components in the system under consideration.

Collective modes of a photon Bose–Einstein condensate with thermo-optic interaction

“…Thus, the loss rate Γ is only proportional to 1−η and gives rise to a heating of the dye solution as discussed below. Furthermore, the effects of a coordinate dependent mass and interaction strength [33,34] are not taken into account, as these effects are negligible within the experimental parameter range.…”

Temporal coherence of a photon condensate: A quantum trajectory description

“…Appendix A: The variational evolution Following reference [35] (which has however a different sign convention for the parameter ∆), the trajectory evolution (29) can be recast in terms of (normalized) expectation values Ô to be…”

“…Nevertheless, they naturally emerge in experimental setups, where a not entirely decoherent dye induces a natural Kerr effect [28]. Furthermore, it is possible to engineer these interactions on purpose, which makes the photons behave more like polaritons and might open the possibility for effects such as superfluidity [29]. It has also been proposed to realize similar behavior with χ (2) -nonlinear materials [30].…”

Anisotropic Superfluidity in a Weakly Interacting Condensate of Quasi‐2D Photons

“…From (1), without any assumptions made about the shape of L (r), one gets the potential V (r) = π cn/ √ εL (r) and the effective mass m ph = m ph (r) = π √ εn/L (r)c. The implications of the effective mass variation on the Gross-Pitaevskii mean field description are explicitly pointed out in refs. [9,10], while in both works, the authors restricted themselves either to the case L = const or to the Thomas-Fermi regime.…”