On-Board Emission Measurement of High-Loaded Light-Duty Vehicles in Algeria

Boughedaoui, Ménouèr; Kerbachi, Rabah; Joumard, Robert

doi:10.3155/1047-3289.58.1.45

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The methodology is based on sampling gaseous pollutants along the route with a mini-CVS. This technique was developed by the Warren Spring Laboratory (UK), then tested and validated by INRETS (France) and used by several research teams (Potter, 1987;Van Ruymbeke, 1993;Boughedaoui, 2008). The mini-CVS sampling system is a reduced and simplified version of the CVS system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The road circuits were selected on the basis of kinematic measurements using a chase vehicle within the traffic (Boughedaoui et al, 2008). Ultimately, 7 circuits of 3 types were defined as follows: 3 urban circuits (dense, congested, and fluid) with respective lengths of 2.7, 3.1 and 2.4 km, 2 suburban circuits each 4.2 km long, and 2 motorway circuits 7.9 and 11.0 km long (characteristics indicated in Table 2).…”

Section: Circuit Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The abovementioned measurement discrepancies call into question the standard method, whose results are not representative of real emissions under real driving conditions. Therefore, and for more realistic measurement, the purpose of this paper is to explore the environmental efficiency of LPG powered vehicles measured with an on-board system called mini-CVS (Boughedaoui et al, 2008) in real traffic conditions on 17 vehicles equipped with different conversion kits and injection technologies. Such measurements reflect the emissions from used vehicles that take into account real vehicle usage conditions, with a comparison with emissions from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-board measurement of emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel powered passenger cars in Algeria

Chikhi¹,

Boughedaoui²,

Kerbachi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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On-board measurements of unit emissions of CO, HC, NOx and CO₂ were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline, dual gasoline-liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, and diesel. The tests performed revealed the effect of LPG injection technology on unit emissions and made it possible to compare the measured emissions to the European Artemis emission model. A sequential multipoint injection LPG kit with no catalyst installed was found to be the most efficient pollutant reduction device for all of the pollutants, with the exception of the NOx. Specific test results for a sub-group of LPG vehicles revealed that LPG-fueled engines with no catalyst cannot compete with catalyzed gasoline and diesel engines. Vehicle age does not appear to be a determining parameter with regard to vehicle pollutant emissions. A fuel switch to LPG offers many advantages as far as pollutant emissions are concerned, due to LPG's intrinsic characteristics. However, these advantages are being rapidly offset by the strong development of both gasoline and diesel engine technologies and catalyst converters. The LPG's performance on a chassis dynamometer under real driving conditions was better than expected. The enforcement of pollutant emission standards in developing countries is an important step towards introducing clean technology and reducing vehicle emissions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Circuit Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-board measurement of emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel powered passenger cars in Algeria

Chikhi¹,

Boughedaoui²,

Kerbachi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…In regards to freight load, it is noted that payload can vary from vehicle to vehicle and can influence engine performance, fuel economy, and EFs for any vehicle type. 51,52 This work analyzes alternative fuels and, similar to other analyses of this type, a constant average duty cycle load across all fuel types is assumed to evaluate the total impact of alternative fuel usage.…”

Section: Analytical Approach: Tfc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Fuel-Cycle Analysis of Heavy-Duty Vehicles Using Biofuels and Natural Gas-Based Alternative Fuels

Meyer

Green

Corbett

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) present a growing energy and environmental concern worldwide. These vehicles rely almost entirely on diesel fuel for propulsion and create problems associated with local pollution, climate change, and energy security. Given these problems and the expected global expansion of HDVs in transportation sectors, industry and governments are pursuing biofuels and natural gas as potential alternative fuels for HDVs. Using recent lifecycle datasets, this paper evaluates the energy and emissions impacts of these fuels in the HDV sector by conducting a total fuel-cycle (TFC) analysis for Class 8 HDVs for six fuel pathways: (1) petroleum to ultra low sulfur diesel; (2) petroleum and soyoil to biodiesel (methyl soy ester); (3) petroleum, ethanol, and oxygenate to e-diesel; (4) petroleum and natural gas to Fischer-Tropsch diesel; (5) natural gas to compressed natural gas; and (6) natural gas to liquefied natural gas. TFC emissions are evaluated for three greenhouse gases (GHGs) (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane) and five other pollutants (volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides), along with estimates of total energy and petroleum consumption associated with each of the six fuel pathways. Results show definite advantages with biodiesel and compressed natural gas for most pollutants, negligible benefits for e-diesel, and increased GHG emissions for liquefied natural gas and Fischer-Tropsch diesel (from natural gas).

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“…While some studies have assessed the impact of pollution, air and water quality in semi-arid regions (Boughedaoui and Kerbachi 2008;Kerbachi et al, 2007) and others have examined the interactions of ecosystems with land cover change (Goetz et al 2004) a lot remains to be done to quantify the effect of urbanization on local surface climate through assessment of the carbon, water and energy exchanges at local space and time scales. It is generally agreed that understanding urban climate and its modeling is critically linked to spatial and temporal scales ranging from local to mesoscale (Grimmond et al, 2002).…”

Section: Billion In the Industrialized Nations (Popin 2007)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Urban Growth on Surface Climate: A Case Study in Oran, Algeria

Bounoua

Safia²,

Masek

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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We develop a land use map discriminating urban surfaces from other cover types over a semiarid region in North Africa and use it in a land surface model to assess the impact of urbanized land on surface energy, water and carbon balances.Unlike in temperate climates where urbanization creates a marked heat island effect, this effect is not strongly marked in semiarid regions. During summer, the urban class results in an additional warming of 1.45 o C during daytime and 0.81 o C at night compared to that simulated for needleleaf trees under similar climate conditions. Seasonal temperatures show urban areas warmer than their surrounding during summer and slightly cooler in winter. The hydrological cycle is practically "shut down" during summer and characterized by relatively large amount of runoff in winter.We estimate the annual amount of carbon uptake to 1.94 million metric tons with only 11.9% assimilated during the rainy season. However, if urbanization expands to reach 50% of the total area excluding forests, the annual total carbon uptake will decline by 35% and the July mean temperature would increase only 0.10 o C, compared to current situation. In contrast, if urbanization expands to 50% of the total land excluding forests and croplands but all short vegetation is replaced by native broadleaf deciduous trees, the annual carbon uptake would increase 39% and the July mean temperature would decrease by 0.9 o C, compared to current configuration. These results provide guidelines for urban planners and land use managers and indicate possibilities for mitigating the urban heat.2

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On-Board Emission Measurement of High-Loaded Light-Duty Vehicles in Algeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

On-board measurement of emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel powered passenger cars in Algeria

On-board measurement of emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel powered passenger cars in Algeria

Total Fuel-Cycle Analysis of Heavy-Duty Vehicles Using Biofuels and Natural Gas-Based Alternative Fuels

Impact of Urban Growth on Surface Climate: A Case Study in Oran, Algeria

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