On blockchain security and relevant attacks

Moubarak, Joanna; Filiol, Éric; Chamoun, Maroun

doi:10.1109/menacomm.2018.8371010

Cited by 86 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Becker et al[96], outlined challenges and security risks associated with PoW-based Blockchain applications. Moubarak et al[188] explored the security challanges of three major Blockchain applications, namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger. However, their work was more directed towards the application attacks and did not consider the attacks related to the Blockchain's cryptographic constructs and P2P fabric.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

Saad

Spaulding

Njilla

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

254

161

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In this paper, we systematically explore the attack surface of the Blockchain technology, with an emphasis on public Blockchains. Towards this goal, we attribute attack viability in the attack surface to 1) the Blockchain cryptographic constructs, 2) the distributed architecture of the systems using Blockchain, and 3) the Blockchain application context. To each of those contributing factors, we outline several attacks, including selfish mining, the 51% attack, Domain Name System (DNS) attacks, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, consensus delay (due to selfish behavior or distributed denial-of-service attacks), Blockchain forks, orphaned and stale blocks, block ingestion, wallet thefts, smart contract attacks, and privacy attacks. We also explore the causal relationships between these attacks to demonstrate how various attack vectors are connected to one another. A secondary contribution of this work is outlining effective defense measures taken by the Blockchain technology or proposed by researchers to mitigate the effects of these attacks and patch associated vulnerabilities.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

Saad

Spaulding

Njilla

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

254

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are numerous types of wallets, e.g., paper wallet, mobile wallet, online wallet, hardware wallet, and a desktop wallet. The common feature of each wallet type is that they all handle a user's private key, which is required for performing actions (i.e., transactions) within decentralized applications [3,17].…”

Section: Blockchain Transactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine Learning-Based Method for Automated Blockchain Transaction Signing Including Personalized Anomaly Detection

Podgorelec

Turkanović

Karakatič

2019

Sensors

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The basis of blockchain-related data, stored in distributed ledgers, are digitally signed transactions. Data can be stored on the blockchain ledger only after a digital signing process is performed by a user with a blockchain-based digital identity. However, this process is time-consuming and not user-friendly, which is one of the reasons blockchain technology is not fully accepted. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based method, which introduces automated signing of blockchain transactions, while including also a personalized identification of anomalous transactions. In order to evaluate the proposed method, an experiment and analysis were performed on data from the Ethereum public main network. The analysis shows promising results and paves the road for a possible future integration of such a method in dedicated digital signing software for blockchain transactions.

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“…The blockchain technology has been implemented in education by Oxford academics by launching the 'Blockchain University' in 2018. A blockchain-powered government means that all its services including visa applications, bill payments, and license renewals are digitized [17] A paperless government equates to enhanced productivity, less time wasted, and less money spent per year [22]. In the next section, we present our approach using a testbed and the regtest mode.…”

Section: Microsoft Exam and Certification Badgementioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Badge Award with Existence Proof

Choi

Kiran

Oh³

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, we present a badge awarding system for performance assessment in education using blockchain technology. Learners will be awarded badges, which are certified for a predetermined level of progress in terms of learning. All the badges are stored in a backpack, which is an environment for storing and presenting the obtained badges. Badges are immutable and verifiable as well as rigid. The use of badges in the education system makes education more interesting, skill-based, and adaptable to changes. The key contribution of our work is in terms of compatibility with Openbadge specification and integrated cooperating platform between digital badge awarding and blockchaining. Our system implementation is compatible with Open Badges of IMS Global Learning Consortium, which is used to earn, issue, and award badges across various platforms. The badges are trusted by the IMS standard, the criteria to earn a badge is verified through the network, and the overall process is transparent compared to the traditional education system. Moreover, all badge awarding events in our system are recorded in a blockchain. Once stored, the contents cannot be tampered with. Thereafter, anyone can check the validity of the badge through the blockchain. Our platform will be useful for distance learning as well as time and location independent learning. The experimental results are as follows. On a Bitcoin-based digital badge publishing platform, the execution time required to award the badge is 24.53 s, while on the Ethereum-based digital badge publishing platform, the execution time to award the badge is only 3.86 s. It can also be used for career management and personal history. The learners can obtain the current knowledge required for a job. Lifelong learning will be also possible with this platform.

show abstract

On blockchain security and relevant attacks

Cited by 86 publications

References 6 publications

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

A Machine Learning-Based Method for Automated Blockchain Transaction Signing Including Personalized Anomaly Detection

Blockchain-Based Badge Award with Existence Proof

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