On being stuck in time

Hoerl, Christoph

doi:10.1007/s11097-008-9089-z

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In fact, we believe that it is more primitive both ontogenetically and phylogenetically; specifically, we have argued elsewhere that there is no reason to assume that animals can think about particular times (Hoerl, 2008;McCormack, 2001;McCormack & Hoerl, 2011;see also Campbell, 1995). Part of this argument hinges on what the function is of representing temporal locations as particular times; for many types of behavior what matters is knowing the appropriate order in which to carry out an action sequence, and knowing what to expect at any given point in a repeated event cycle/sequence.…”

Section: Stage (A): Representations Of Repeated Event Sequences (18-2mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Development of Temporal Concepts: Learning to Locate Events in Time

McCormack¹,

Hoerl

2017

Timing &Amp; Time Perception

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A new model of the development of temporal concepts is described that assumes that there are substantial changes in how children think about time in the early years. It is argued that there is a shift from understanding time in an event-dependent way to an event-independent understanding of time. Early in development, very young children are unable to think about locations in time independently of the events that occur at those locations. It is only with development that children begin to have a proper grasp of the distinction between past, present, and future, and represent time as linear and unidirectional. The model assumes that although children aged two to three years may categorize events differently depending on whether they lie in the past or the future, they may not be able to understand that whether an event is in the future or in the past is something that changes as time passes and varies with temporal perspective. Around four to five years, children understand how causality operates in time, and can grasp the systematic relations that obtain between different locations in time, which provides the basis for acquiring the conventional clock and calendar system.

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Section: Stage (A): Representations Of Repeated Event Sequences (18-2mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Development of Temporal Concepts: Learning to Locate Events in Time

McCormack¹,

Hoerl

2017

Timing &Amp; Time Perception

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“…However, in addition to evolutionary considerations, recent philosophical (Hoerl, 2008) and ethological (Cheke & Clayton, 2011;Clayton & Russell, 2009;Finn, Tregenza, & Norman, 2009;Mulcahy & Call, 2006;Roberts, 2012) work calls into question the validity of species-specific constraints placed on subjective temporality. If information processing is inherently prospective (and it is; Bar, 2010;Bradley, 1887;De Brigard, 2013;Klein, Cosmides, et al, 2002;Klein, Lax, et al, 2010;Klein, Robertson, et al, 2010;Klein et al, 2011;Suddendorf & Corballis, 2007;Tulving, 2005), the inability to anticipate future contingencies would be an evolutionary dead-end for animals that depend for their survival (and hence reproductive success) on such fitness-enhancing adaptations.…”

Section: The Functional Aspects Of Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal orientation of memory: It's time for a change of direction.

Klein¹

2013

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

144

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a b s t r a c tCommon wisdom, philosophical analysis and psychological research share the view that memory is subjectively positioned toward the past: specifically, memory enables one to become re-acquainted with the objects and events of his or her past. In this paper I call this assumption into question. As I hope to show, memory has been designed by natural selection not to relive the past, but rather to anticipate and plan for future contingencies -a decidedly future-oriented mode of subjective temporality. This is not to say memory makes no reference to the past. But, I argue, past-oriented subjectivity is a by-product of a system designed by natural selection to help us face and respond to the "now and the next". I discuss the implications of the proposed temporal realignment for research agendas as well as the potential limitations of measures designed to explore memory by focusing on its retentive capabilities.

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“…Hoerl, 2008; Suddendorf and Busby, 2003; Suddendorf and Corballis, 2007b). Mental time travel is the ability to project oneself mentally into the future, to plan for specific events, or to the past to remember specific occurrences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhuman primates do declare! A comparison of declarative symbol and gesture use in two children, two bonobos, and a chimpanzee

Lyn

Greenfield

Savage‐Rumbaugh³

et al. 2011

Language & Communication

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While numerous publications have shown that apes can learn some aspects of human language, one frequently cited difference between humans and apes is the relative infrequency of declaratives (comments and statements) as opposed to imperatives (requests) in ape symbol use. This paper describes the use of declaratives in three language-competent apes and two children. The apes produced a lower proportion of spontaneous declaratives than did the children. However, both groups used declaratives to name objects, to interact and negotiate, and to make comments about other individuals. Both apes and children also made comments about past and future events. However, showing/offering/giving, attention getting, and comments on possession were declarative types made by the children but rarely by the apes.Recent discussions about the evolution of communication have stressed a perceived distinction between humans and our closest evolutionary relatives, the great apes, wherein human nature is described as uniquely cooperative relative to the more competitive great apes (e.g. Moll and Tomasello, 2007;Tomasello, 2007). Some researchers argue that after splitting from the common ancestor, our evolutionary ancestors formed a social environment that supported the desire and drive to communicate and cooperate with others. According to this hypothesis, this socio-communicative environment resulted in a qualitative difference in the cooperative nature of humans relative to the other apes and this cooperative nature drove the evolution of human language and cognition (Moll and Tomasello, 2007). These researchers further suggest that, due to their uncooperative nature, chimpanzees are not fully capable of taking advantage of human social environments that increase cooperative and communicative abilities.

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On being stuck in time

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

The Development of Temporal Concepts: Learning to Locate Events in Time

The Development of Temporal Concepts: Learning to Locate Events in Time

The temporal orientation of memory: It's time for a change of direction.

Nonhuman primates do declare! A comparison of declarative symbol and gesture use in two children, two bonobos, and a chimpanzee

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