On architectures of circuits implemented in simulated Belousov–Zhabotinsky droplets

Adamatzky, Andrew; Holley, Julian; Dittrich, Peter; Górecki, Jerzy; Costello, Ben de Lacy; Zauner, Klaus Peter; Bull, Larry

doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2011.12.007

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…All these problem-specific platforms utilize excitable chemical medium and observe timeevolution of spatiotemporal oscillations as a computational logic for information processing. Different possible architectures have been conceptualized in single-phase two-dimensional architectures where a problem is directly mapped 16 or in a multi-channel network 32 as well as in multiphase interconnected droplets or vesicles 33 . With the advent of high-performance 3D printing architectures and fast machine learning techniques for image processing, computation capabilities utilizing chemical systems can be significantly improved by introducing a hybrid approach.…”

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confidence: 99%

A programmable chemical computer with memory and pattern recognition

et al. 2020

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Current computers are limited by the von Neumann bottleneck, which constrains the throughput between the processing unit and the memory. Chemical processes have the potential to scale beyond current computing architectures as the processing unit and memory reside in the same space, performing computations through chemical reactions, yet their lack of programmability limits them. Herein, we present a programmable chemical processor comprising of a 5 by 5 array of cells filled with a switchable oscillating chemical (Belousov-Zhabotinsky) reaction. Each cell can be individually addressed in the 'on' or 'off' state, yielding more than 2.9 × 10 17 chemical states which arise from the ability to detect distinct amplitudes of oscillations via image processing. By programming the array of interconnected BZ reactions we demonstrate chemically encoded and addressable memory, and we create a chemical Autoencoder for pattern recognition able to perform the equivalent of one million operations per second.

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confidence: 99%

A programmable chemical computer with memory and pattern recognition

et al. 2020

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“…These properties are favorable for networks of reaction wells that have multiple input channels and one or more output channels, as previously implemented, on a limited scale, by a variety of methods by several groups (e.g., [2,28,29,34]). The approach presented here implies that the size and depth of physical wells can be designed such that a higher or lower concentration of excitatory BZ species is required to transmit a BZ wave over the well, from an input channel to an output channel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in many studies on pulse propagation through networks of compartmentalized BZ solution, boundaries only existed for the (light-sensitive) catalyst material, which was immobilized on a gel in a continuous-reagent-flow reactor, with regions of BZ activity being defined by light exposure through a photomask with a specific geometrical pattern. Unidirectional wave propagation in narrow channels of activated catalyst has been achieved [17,18,22], while wave propagation properties in small networks of channel-connected chambers [28,29] and in gap-connected spheres [1,2,12], mimicking BZ droplets in oil, have been shown to represent various logic operations, including OR, AND, NOT, XNOR, and NOR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitability Modulation of Oscillating Media in 3D-Printed Structures

King¹,

Abraham²,

Zauner³

et al. 2015

Artificial Life

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Excitation and oscillation are central to living systems. For excitable systems, which can be brought into oscillation by an external stimulus, the excitation threshold is a crucial parameter. This is evident for neurons, which only generate an action potential when exposed to a sufficiently high concentration of excitatory neurotransmitters, which may only be achieved when multiple presynaptic axons deliver their action potential simultaneously to the synaptic cleft. Dynamic systems composed of relatively simple chemicals are of interest because they can serve as a model for physiological processes or can be exploited to implement chemical computing. With these applications in mind, we have studied the properties of the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction in 3D-printed reaction vessels with open channels of different dimensions. It is demonstrated that the channel geometry can be used to modulate the excitability of the BZ medium, switching a continuously oscillating medium to an excitable medium. Because large networks of channel-connected reaction wells of different depth can easily be fabricated by 3D printing, local excitability modulation could be built into the structure of the reaction vessel itself, opening the way to more extensive experimentation with networks of chemical oscillators.

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“…As demonstrated in computer experiments, by arranging a configuration of BZ droplets and by tuning sizes of pores between BZ vesicles we can implement Boolean gates, including collision-based polymorphic gates [14] and binary arithmetic circuits [23,74,73,17]. In the example shown in Fig.…”

Section: Reaction-diffusion Computersmentioning

confidence: 99%