On and Off the North China Craton: Where is the Archaean Keel?

Fan, Wei; Zhang, H. F.; Baker, James H.; Jarvis, Kym E.; Mason, Paul R.D.; Menzies, Martin

doi:10.1093/petrology/41.7.933

Cited by 428 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…6), consistent with a derivation from magmas (Simkin and Smith 1970;Garcia et al 1995;Ren et al 2004). Besides, Fo values in olivines in Xindian basalts are relatively low (Fo \ 85), compared with those of mantle xenoliths from Fan and Hooper 1989;Zheng et al 1998Zheng et al , 2001Zheng et al , 2006Fan et al 2000;Rudnick et al 2004;Xu and Bodinier 2004;Yang et al 2008;Chu et al 2009;Xia et al 2010;Xiao et al 2010). Furthermore, melt inclusions hosted by Xindian olivines are mostly isolated and thus original, in contrast with the absence of original melt inclusions in olivine xenocrysts (Schiano 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, since Mesozoic, especially Late Mesozoic, the NCC has been destabilized, as expressed by intense magma activities and references therein). The mantle xenoliths entrained by Cenozoic basalts further reveal that Cenozoic SCLM beneath eastern NCC is thin (\80 km), hot (*65mW/m 2 ), young and fertile (e.g., Menzies and Xu 1998;Zheng et al 1998Zheng et al , 2006Fan et al 2000;Gao et al 2002;Rudnick et al 2004;Xu and Bodinier 2004;Chu et al 2009). This suggests a removal of [100 km of Archean lithosphere during Phanerozoic (Menzies et al 1993;Griffin et al 1998;Fan et al 2000).…”

Section: Geological Background and Petrographymentioning

confidence: 93%

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Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Zhang

Qian

et al. 2012

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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The geochemical characteristics of melt inclusions and their host olivines provide important information on the processes that create magmas and the nature of their mantle and crustal source regions. We report chemical compositions of melt inclusions, their host olivines and bulk rocks of Xindian basalts in Chifeng area, North China Craton. Compositions of both bulk rocks and melt inclusions are tholeiitic. Based on petrographic observations and compositional variation of melt inclusions, the crystallizing sequence of Xindian basalts is as follows: olivine (at MgO [ *5.5 wt%), plagioclase (beginning at MgO = *5.5 wt%), clinopyroxene and ilmenite (at MgO \ 5.0 wt%). High Ni contents and Fe/Mn ratios, and low Ca and Mn contents in olivine phenocrysts, combining with low CaO contents of relatively high MgO melt inclusions (MgO [ 6 wt%), indicate that Xindian basalts are possibly derived from a pyroxenite source rather than a peridotite source. In the CS-MS-A diagram, all the high MgO melt inclusions (MgO [ 6.0 wt%) project in the field between garnet ? clinopyroxene ? liquid and garnet ? clinopyroxene ? orthopyroxene ? liquid near 3.0 GPa, further suggesting that residual minerals are mainly garnet and clinopyroxene, with possible presence of orthopyroxene, but without olivine. Modeling calculations using MELTS show that the water content of Xindian basalts is 0.3-0.7 wt% at MgO = 8.13 wt%. Using 20-25 % of partial melting estimated by moderately incompatible element ratios, the water content in the source of Xindian basalts is inferred to be C450 ppm, much higher than 6-85 ppm in dry lithospheric mantle. The melting depth is inferred to be *3.0 GPa, much deeper than that of tholeiitic lavas (\2.0 GPa), assuming a peridotite source with a normal mantle potential temperature. Such melting depth is virtually equal to the thickness of lithosphere beneath Chifeng area (*100 km), suggesting that Xindian basalts are derived from the asthenospheric mantle, if the lithospheric lid effect model is assumed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Geological Background and Petrographymentioning

confidence: 93%

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Zhang

Qian

et al. 2012

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…These characteristics imply that: (1) a mantle flow played significant role in the reactivating of the Eastern Block of the NCC during Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic; and (2) the boundary between the Central Zone and the Eastern Block possibly defined a west limit where the northwestward mantle flow was deflected. The previous geochemical studies showed that the Eastern Block of the NCC has a thin lithosphere with thickness of $80 km [Griffin et al, 1998;Fan et al, 2000;Gao et al, 2002;Wu et al, 2003], however the range of the thinning lithosphere is still in debate. Based on our results, we proposed that the lithosphere beneath the Central Zone was thicker than that beneath the Eastern Block when the extensional event occurred, and the thicker lithosphere root of the Central Zone probably acted as a barrier deflecting the northwestward mantle flow [e.g., Fouch et al, 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North China Craton: Distinct variation from east to west

Zhao

Zheng

2005

Geophysical Research Letters

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A compilation of shear wave splitting measurements in the North China Craton (NCC) is presented to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the region. By applying the method of Silver and Chan (1991), the splitting parameters of fast polarization direction and delay time are determined from SKS waveforms for 38 broadband stations. The results reveal the presence of small to large seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath the NCC. The most striking result is the distinct difference of fast polarization directions between the Eastern Block (EB) and the Central Zone (CZ) of the NCC. The fast polarization directions trend SE beneath the EB, which implies that northwestward mantle flow has played a significant role in the reactivating of the EB during Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic, and the boundary between the CZ and the EB was possibly a west limit where the mantle flow was deflected. However, a collision event occurred in Early Proterozoic was also a possible cause for the anisotropy of the lithosphere beneath the CZ, depending on the craton lithosphere beneath the region had not been completely reformed by later tectonic activities.

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“…As discussed above, the studied mantle xenoliths show petrologic and geochemical similarities to those spinel lherzolites hosted in Cenozoic basalts in eastern China [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], e.g. relatively low Fo, N-MORB-like REE patterns of cli-nopyroxenes and MORB-type Sr-Nd isotopic signatures [9,10,12].…”

Section: Origin Of Low- 18 O Olivinementioning

confidence: 51%

“…A large number of studies have shown that the NCB not only experienced extensive lithospheric thinning but also underwent mantle accretion since Mesozoic [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Evidence from mantle xenoliths entrained by Cenozoic basalts in the NCB indicated that the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle was composed mainly of chemically fertile but Sr-Nd isotopically depleted peridotites, analogues to depleted MORBtype mantle [1,3,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A metasomatized mantle wedge origin for low-δ 18O olivine in late Cretaceous Junan and Qingdao basalts in the Sulu orogen

Guo

Wang

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The North China Block (NCB) experienced extensive lithospheric thinning and subsequent mantle accretion in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic, but their mechanism remains controversial. This paper reports in situ chemical and oxygen isotope analyses on olivine xenocrysts and porphyroclastic olivines in mantle xenoliths hosted in the late Cretaceous basalts from Junan and Qingdao, the Sulu orogen. The results show that all these olivines have low  18 O values relative to normal mantle peridotite. The olivine xenocrysts and porphyroclastic olivines from Junan have Fo=87.589.8,  18 O=4.1‰-5.2‰ with an average of 4.8‰; the porphyroclastic olivines from Qingdao also have Fo=89.089.9,  18 O=4.1‰-5.2‰ with an average of 4.8‰. These peridotite xenoliths have petrological and geochemical affinities similar to newly accreted MORB-type mantle, we hence consider such low- 18 O features in the olivines to inherit from a mantle wedge that was metasomatized by melts derived from the subducted oceanic crust, which had experienced high-temperature hydrothermal alteration to acquire the low- 18 O signatures. Combined the existence of Cenozoic low- 18 O basalts and garnet pyroxenite xenoliths (relicts of recycled oceanic crust) hosted in Cenozoic basalts in the NCB, the subducted oceanic crust likely played an important role in the lithospheric evolution of the NCB during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.

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On and Off the North China Craton: Where is the Archaean Keel?

Cited by 428 publications

References 57 publications

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North China Craton: Distinct variation from east to west

A metasomatized mantle wedge origin for low-δ 18O olivine in late Cretaceous Junan and Qingdao basalts in the Sulu orogen

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