On- And Off-Responses of Epo, Reticulocytes, 2,3-DPG and Plasma Volume to Living High, Training Low 947

Puranen, Arto; Rusko, Heikki

doi:10.1097/00005768-199605001-00945

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Our review of the literature could locate only seven studies in which reticulocyte production had been measured in athletes exposed to either actual or simulated moderate altitude (Klausen et al 1991;Roberts and Smith 1992;Rusko et al 1994;Friedmann et al 1996;Mattila and Rusko 1996;Puranen and Rusko 1996;Piehl Aulin et al 1998). The failure to incorporate measures from a suitable control group was a prominent aw in each of these studies, only four of which involved simulated``live high, train low'' conditions, and so could be compared directly to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 5 days, reticulocyte counts had increased from 0.92 (0.2) to 1.82 (0.3)% (P < 0.001). Puranen and Rusko (1996) and Piehl Aulin et al (1998) were the only studies that included control subjects. Puranen and Rusko (1996) detected a modest [1.15 (0.34) to 1.60 (0.26), no units given] increase in the reticulocyte count of ®ve male endurance athletes sleeping for 5 nights at a simulated altitude of 2500 m, compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in the concentration of erythropoietin (EPO), which is one of the hormones that stimulate red blood cell production, has been documented in athletes living at simulated altitudes of between 2500 and 3000 m and training at near sea level (Rusko et al 1994;Laitinen et al 1995;Mattila and Rusko 1996;Puranen and Rusko 1996;Piehl Aulin et al 1998). However, EPO per se has no known ergogenic properties, therefore this increase is of no consequence to athletes unless it concomitantly increases red cell production and/or red cell mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the small portion of studies in which the reticulocyte response to``live high, train low'' exposure (Rusko et al 1994;Mattila and Rusko 1996;Puranen and Rusko 1996;Piehl Aulin et al 1998) or constant hypoxia (Klausen et al 1991;Roberts and Smith 1992;Friedmann et al 1996) has been measured, all have incorporated subjective estimations of reticulocytes identi®ed using supravital staining techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a 12-day “live high, train low” camp on reticulocyte production and haemoglobin mass in elite female road cyclists

Ashenden¹,

Gore²,

Martin³

et al. 1999

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The aim of this study was to document the effect of "living high, training low" on the red blood cell production of elite female cyclists. Six members of the Australian National Women's road cycling squad slept for 12 nights at a simulated altitude of 2650 m in normobaric hypoxia (HIGH), while 6 team-mates slept at an altitude of 600 m (CONTROL). HIGH and CONTROL subjects trained and raced as a group throughout the 70-day study. Baseline levels of reticulocyte parameters sensitive to changes in erythropoeisis were measured 21 days and 1 day prior to sleeping in hypoxia (D1 and D20, respectively). These measures were repeated after 7 nights (D27) and 12 nights (D34) of simulated altitude exposure, and again 15 days (D48) and 33 days (D67) after leaving the altitude house. There was no increase in reticulocyte production, nor any change in reticulocyte parameters in either the HIGH or CONTROL groups. This lack of haematological response was substantiated by total haemoglobin mass measures (CO-rebreathing), which did not change when measured on D1, D20, D34 or D67. We conclude that in elite female road cyclists, 12 nights of exposure to normobaric hypoxia (2650 m) is not sufficient to either stimulate reticulocyte production or increase haemoglobin mass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of a 12-day “live high, train low” camp on reticulocyte production and haemoglobin mass in elite female road cyclists

Ashenden¹,

Gore²,

Martin³

et al. 1999

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…While staying in the altitude house, it is also presumable that unfavorable physiological adaptations develop, as observed in the LHTH protocol. For instance, a study on staying at a simulated altitude of 2,500 m reported a decrease in plasma volume on day 3 of the stay 45) . Furthermore, Hiller et al 46) instructed athletes to stay in the altitude house (simulated altitude: 2,000 m) for 12.5 hours a day, over 30 days, and reported decreases in fat-free mass up to week 2 of the stay, followed by an almost complete recovery to the prestay value not later than week 4 of the stay.…”

Section: Mechanisms Related To Performance Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the “live high-train high” and “live high-train low” protocols on physiological adaptations and athletic performance

Muraoka

Gando

2012

JPFSM

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The present article reviews the effects of the traditional "live high-train high" (LHTH) protocol and the contemporary "live high-train low" (LHTL) protocol on physiological adaptations and on athletic performance at sea level based on results from studies in which athletes were assigned to an "altitude group" and "sea level group". Consequently, the LHTH protocol and LHTL protocol were considered to provoke nearly similar physiological adaptations. On the other hand, the LHTL protocol appeared to be more effective than the LHTH protocol with respect to endurance performance at sea level. Furthermore, the LHTL protocol is suggested to possibly be effective for sprinting events as well. These results indicate that the LHTL protocol affords about 1 to 4% improvement in exercise of approximately 30-second to 17-minute duration. However, a recent meta-analysis suggested that the LHTH protocol improves the maximal power output of elite athletes. Furthermore, it is conceivable that interindividual differences greatly affect the results obtained from altitude training. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate interindividual differences that are involved in physiological adaptations to hypoxic environments or improvements in athletic performance. Moreover, the relevant elucidation will require the adjustment of altitude (oxygen concentration), daily duration of exposure, and length of stay in concert with individual features. In some cases, a decision about whether or not to adopt the LHTL or LHTH protocol would be necessitated. In addition, the combination of the intermittent hypoxic training protocol with the LHTL protocol will require a detailed investigation.

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Altitude

Vandermark¹,

Lorenzo²,

Chapman³

2018

Sport and Physical Activity in the Heat

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On- And Off-Responses of Epo, Reticulocytes, 2,3-DPG and Plasma Volume to Living High, Training Low 947

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of a 12-day “live high, train low” camp on reticulocyte production and haemoglobin mass in elite female road cyclists

Effects of a 12-day “live high, train low” camp on reticulocyte production and haemoglobin mass in elite female road cyclists

Effects of the “live high-train high” and “live high-train low” protocols on physiological adaptations and athletic performance

Altitude

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