A log Calabi-Yau surface with maximal boundary, or Looijenga pair, is a pair (Y, D) with Y a smooth rational projective complex surface and D = D1 + • • • + D l ∈ | − KY | an anticanonical singular nodal curve. Under some positivity conditions on the pair, we propose a series of correspondences relating five different classes of enumerative invariants attached to (Y, D): (1) the log Gromov-Witten theory of the pair (Y, D), (2) the Gromov-Witten theory of the total space of i OY (−Di), (3) the open Gromov-Witten theory of special Lagrangians in a Calabi-Yau 3-fold determined by (Y, D), (4) the Donaldson-Thomas theory of a symmetric quiver specified by (Y, D), and (5) a class of BPS invariants considered in different contexts by Klemm-Pandharipande, Ionel-Parker, and Labastida-Mariño-Ooguri-Vafa. We furthermore provide a complete closed-form solution to the calculation of all these invariants.