On a Swine Virus Disease Newly Discovered in Japan Its Characteristic Traits of Pneumonia

Sasahara, J; Hayashi, Shunichi; Kumagai, Tomohisa; Yamamoto, Yoko; Hirasawa, Noritaka; Munekata, Keisuke; Okaniwa, Azusa; Kato, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.2222/jsv1951.4.131

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Among these, there are porcine rubulavirus and Menangle virus, classified in the subfamily Rubulavirunae, genera Orthorubulavirus and Pararubulavirus, respectively, and porcine respirovirus 1, in subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae, genus Respirovirus [5,6,15,[35][36][37]. Other paramyxoviruses associated with central nervous and respiratory disease in pigs also have been reported [10,[38][39][40]. One is the novel porcine morbillivirus PoMV, within the Morbillivirus genus, considered the putative cause of foetal death and encephalitis in pigs [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Respirovirus 3 in Wild Boar

Sozzi

Lelli

Barbieri

et al. 2023

Animals

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Paramyxoviruses are important pathogens affecting various animals, including humans. In this study, we identified a paramyxovirus in 2004 (180608_2004), isolated from a sample of the femoral marrow bone of a wild boar carcass imported from Australia. Antigenic and morphological characteristics indicated that this virus was similar to members of the family Paramyxoviridae. The complete genome phylogenetic analysis grouped this virus into genotype A of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), recently renamed bovine respirovirus type 3 (BRV3), which also includes two swine paramyxoviruses (SPMV)—Texas-81 and ISU-92—isolated from encephalitic pigs in the United States in 1982 and 1992, respectively. The wild boar 180608_2004 strain was more closely related to both the BRV3 shipping fever (SF) strain and the SPMV Texas-81 strain at the nucleotide and amino acid levels than the SPMV ISU-92 strain. The high sequence identity to BRV3 suggested that this virus can be transferred from cattle to wild boars. The potential for cross-species transmission in the Respirovirus genus makes it essential for intensified genomic surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Respirovirus 3 in Wild Boar

Sozzi

Lelli

Barbieri

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Carnivore morbilliviruses readily invade the central nervous system (CNS), and all morbilliviruses produce intranuclear viral inclusion bodies containing nucleocapsid-like structures (1,9,10).Paramyxoviruses known to naturally infect swine include porcine rubulavirus, Menangle virus, Nipah virus, and porcine parainfl uenza virus (11-16). Less well-characterized paramyxoviruses associated with central nervous and respiratory disease in pigs also have been reported (17)(18)(19)(20), but none of these viruses are classifi ed in the genus Morbillivirus. Using histopathology, metagenomic sequencing, and RNA in situ hybridization (ISH), we identifi ed a novel morbillivirus in swine as the putative cause of an outbreak of reproductive disease characterized by fetal mummifi cation, encephalitis, and placentitis.…”

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Novel Morbillivirus as Putative Cause of Fetal Death and Encephalitis among Swine

Arruda¹,

Shen²,

Li³

2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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P aramyxoviridae encompasses a group of large (300-500 nm in diameter), enveloped, pleomorphic viruses with RNA genomes of 14.6-20.1 kb. The family comprises 4 subfamilies and 17 genera that contain >70 species and includes global human and animal viral pathogens of concern (1). Currently, the genus Morbillivirus, in subfamily Orthomyxovirinae, contains measles virus (MeV), rinderpest virus (RPV), peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV), cetacean morbillivirus (CMV), and feline morbillivirus (FeMV) (2,3).Morbillivirus genomes encode 6 structural proteins in the following order: nucleocapsid (N) protein, phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M) protein, hemagglutinin (H) protein, fusion (F) protein, and large polymerase (L) protein (2). Two nonstructural proteins, C and V, are expressed from the P open reading frame and are thought to interfere with the innate immune response in at least a subset of members of the family Paramyxoviridae (4).Morbilliviruses cause respiratory and gastrointestinal disease and profound immune suppression (5). Morbillivirus host species experience a similar pathogenesis; infection occurs through inhalation, direct contact with body fl uids, or fomites or vertical transmission (6-8). Carnivore morbilliviruses readily invade the central nervous system (CNS), and all morbilliviruses produce intranuclear viral inclusion bodies containing nucleocapsid-like structures (1,9,10).Paramyxoviruses known to naturally infect swine include porcine rubulavirus, Menangle virus, Nipah virus, and porcine parainfl uenza virus (11-16). Less well-characterized paramyxoviruses associated with central nervous and respiratory disease in pigs also have been reported (17)(18)(19)(20), but none of these viruses are classifi ed in the genus Morbillivirus. Using histopathology, metagenomic sequencing, and RNA in situ hybridization (ISH), we identifi ed a novel morbillivirus in swine as the putative cause of an outbreak of reproductive disease characterized by fetal mummifi cation, encephalitis, and placentitis. Materials and Methods Clinical Background and SamplesIn early 2020, the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Ames, IA, USA) received 22 porcine fetuses from 6 litters (A-F) that originated from a commercial breeding herd in northern Mexico for routine diagnostic investigation (Table 1). The breeding herd comprised 2,000 sows and reported reproductive clinical signs characterized by an increased percentage (18% reported) of mummifi ed fetuses and stillbirths. For negative controls, we used fetal tissues from 2 litters from a 3,000-head sow farm in the United States that was experiencing increased mummifi ed fetuses and stillborn fetuses.

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“…Therefore, the titration of antibody with serial dilutions of serum could not be successfully applied in lower serum dilutions. Complicated and less reliable methods, such as the indirect complement fixation test (Omori, 1953, Nobuto et al, 1960 or the measurements of complement (C') fixed by the antigen antibody complex (Sasahara et al, 1954), had so far been employed in the study of swine antiserum.…”

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confidence: 99%