On a Discriminator for the Polynomial $$f(x)=x^3+x$$

Yang, Quan-Hui; Zhao, Liang

doi:10.1007/s40304-022-00315-5

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[ 100,123,124 ] On the other hand, it has also been reported that the tensile strain effect can be beneficial to activity enhancement. [ 12,125–127 ] For example, in the Pt 3 Ga intermetallic nanocrystals with two‐to‐three atomic‐layer Pt on the surface (AL‐Pt/Pt 3 Ga), [ 56 ] the formed tensile strain makes all the intermediates (CO* + OH*) binding more strongly for easily activating water and removing CO*. The Au@PdPt core–shell catalysts prepared by Yang et al.…”

Section: Advanced Electrocatalysts For Mor: From Nanosized Catalysts ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction: Longstanding Debates and Emerging Catalysts

et al. 2023

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The study of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) has lasted around 70 years, since the first investigation in the early 1950s. Though enormous effort has been devoted in this field, it is still far from commercialization. The methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), as a semi‐reaction of DMFCs, is the bottleneck reaction that restricts the overall performance of DMFCs. To date, there has been intense debate on the complex six‐electron reaction, but barely any reviews have systematically discussed this topic. To this end, the controversies and progress regarding the electrocatalytic mechanisms, performance evaluations as well as the design science toward MOR electrocatalysts are summarized. This review also provides a comprehensive introduction on the recent development of emerging MOR electrocatalysts with a focus on the innovation of the alloy, core–shell structure, heterostructure, and single‐atom catalysts. Finally, perspectives on the future outlook toward study of the mechanisms and design of electrocatalysts are provided.

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Section: Advanced Electrocatalysts For Mor: From Nanosized Catalysts ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction: Longstanding Debates and Emerging Catalysts

et al. 2023

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“…[52,53] Dendritic, chain-like intergranular pure MnS inclusions along the grain boundary exhibited the best deformability and deformed along the rolling direction due to its small hardness, which deteriorate the transverse impact properties and mechanical properties of the steel. [54][55][56][57][58][59] In the Heat-SC, inclusions in the continuous casting bloom were nearly spherical (Mn, Ca)S wrapped Al 2 O 3 -CaO-MgO complex inclusions, nearly spherical (Mn, Ca)S wrapped Al 2 O 3 -MgO, spherical (Mn, Ca)S complex sulfide inclusions, and type II pure MnS inclusions distributed along the grain boundary. The deformability of complex inclusions decreased obviously in the resulfurized steel except for pure MnS inclusions.…”

Section: Evolution Of Inclusions In the Solid Resulfurized Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusions in Calcium‐Treated and Resulfurized Al‐Killed Steels

Ren

Zhang

2023

steel research int.

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The resulfurized steel is widely used in automobiles, machine tools, and other fields due to its high strength, low energy consumption, and good machinability. The high sulfur content in the steel inevitably leads to the precipitation of a large amount of sulfide inclusions with complex morphology and uneven distribution in the steel during the cooling and solidification process. The size, distribution, and morphology of inclusions, especially the manganese sulfide (MnS) in the resulfurized steel, have a significant influence on the machinability of the steel. [1][2][3][4] Manganese sulfide inclusions in steel are classified by their morphology into three types: globular MnS (Type I), fine rod-like MnS (Type II), and angular MnS (Type III), as reported by Sims and Dahle in 1938. [5] Manganese sulfide inclusions may lead to the stress accumulation during the machining process of the resulfurized steel. It was reported that Type I and Type III MnS inclusions were beneficial to improve the machinability of the steel due to their small size and uniform distribution in the steel, which induced cleavage fracture during the machining process and acted as stress raisers in the shear plane at the tip of the tool. [6][7][8][9][10] Numerous studies have focused on the formation mechanism and the shape control of MnS in steel. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Sulfide inclusions were modified from MnS to CaS through calcium treatment due to the strong affinity between Ca and O and S elements in the resulfurized steel, [13,[21][22][23][24] which was widely used in the production process. However, a large number of CaS-CaO-rich inclusions with a high melting point were generated during excess or less calcium addition to the steel, leading to the clogging of the submerged entry nozzle during the continuous casting process. Extensive studies were performed to study the calcium treatment of inclusions in low sulfur Al-killed steels, including modification mechanism, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] kinetics, [31,34,35] and thermodynamics. [21,[36][37][38] However, it was difficult to achieve the precise control of inclusions in the resulfurized steel by calcium treatment due to the narrow range of calcium content for good castability during the continuous casting process and the unstable yield of calcium. Kusano found that excess calcium addition to the steel with >0.02 wt% sulfur led to a high CaS content in inclusions, causing a poor ultrasonic testing result. [39] Li found that the calcium treatment significantly improved the morphology and spatial distribution of sulfides in the free-cutting steel. [40] Holappa reported that the deformability of (Mn, Ca)S composite inclusions after calcium treatment was significantly lower than that of pure MnS inclusions in the resulfurized steel. [41] Jiang revealed that the microhardness of (Mn, Ca)S composite inclusions increased with the increase of calcium content in sulfides in the steel after calcium treatment. [42,43] With the increase of calcium content in sulfides, the s...

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“…The engineering of a catalytic surface with enhanced activity to adsorb OH − species is a key activity descriptor. The oxygen species are indispensable to converting the CO‐like intermediates to CO 2 ; thus, the EOR kinetic could be boosted [9] . In this sense, Pd presents a higher oxophilicity nature than Pt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis of PtPd Core‐Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles and their Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

Higareda¹,

Mares-Briones

Bahena

et al. 2023

ChemCatChem

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Direct alcohol fuel cells are claiming to be one of the primary clean power sources to attain a sustainable future. In the present study, PtPd core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles (CSNPs) were synthesized by the polyol method. The shell was adjusted by adding an increased amount of Pd precursor on presynthesized Pt nanoparticles. The morphology and atomic structure of the PtPd CSNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. PtPd CSNPs were successfully supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon and verified by scanning electron microscopy.The electrocatalysts were tested by cyclic voltammetry in an alkaline medium for the activity performance to ethanol oxidation reaction. The stability along with the presence of poisoning carbonaceous species was investigated by chronoamperometry and voltammetry cycles. Also, the cyclic durability was analysed. The results confirmed that the catalytic performance depends on the elemental composition of PtPd CSNPs, showing the optimum catalytic properties to PtPd (1 : 0.5)/C than commercial Pt/C.

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On a Discriminator for the Polynomial $$f(x)=x^3+x$$

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Toward Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction: Longstanding Debates and Emerging Catalysts

Toward Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction: Longstanding Debates and Emerging Catalysts

Inclusions in Calcium‐Treated and Resulfurized Al‐Killed Steels

Structural Analysis of PtPd Core‐Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles and their Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

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