Omnidirectional Printing of 3D Microvascular Networks

Wu, Wei; DeConinck, Adam; Lewis, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1002/adma.201004625

Cited by 686 publications

(667 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…3) under quiescent and inflammatory conditions. Future work with μVNs could benefit from the use of alternative microfabrication techniques such as 3D printing (41) to extend the geometrical complexity of the networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro microvessels for the study of angiogenesis and thrombosis

Zheng

Chen

Craven

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

783

842

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Microvascular networks support metabolic activity and define microenvironmental conditions within tissues in health and pathology. Recapitulation of functional microvascular structures in vitro could provide a platform for the study of complex vascular phenomena, including angiogenesis and thrombosis. We have engineered living microvascular networks in three-dimensional tissue scaffolds and demonstrated their biofunctionality in vitro. We describe the lithographic technique used to form endothelialized microfluidic vessels within a native collagen matrix; we characterize the morphology, mass transfer processes, and long-term stability of the endothelium; we elucidate the angiogenic activities of the endothelia and differential interactions with perivascular cells seeded in the collagen bulk; and we demonstrate the nonthrombotic nature of the vascular endothelium and its transition to a prothrombotic state during an inflammatory response. The success of these microvascular networks in recapitulating these phenomena points to the broad potential of this platform for the study of cardiovascular biology and pathophysiology.tissue engineering | regenerative medicine | microfluidics | cancer | blood T he microvasculature is an extensive organ that mediates the interaction between blood and tissues. It defines the biological and physical characteristics of the microenvironment within tissues and plays a role in the initiation and progression of many pathologies, including cancer (1) and cardiovascular diseases (2, 3). Conventional planar cultures fail to recreate the in vivo physiology of the microvasculature with respect to three-dimensional (3D) geometry (lumens and axial branching points), and interactions of endothelium with perivascular cells, extracellular tissue and blood flow (4). Studies of the microvasculature in vivo allow only limited control of physical, chemical, and biological parameters influencing the microvasculature and present challenges with respect to observation (5). In vitro cultures that produce tubular vessels within 3D matrices will aid in elucidation of the roles of the microvasculature in health and disease. Important progress has been made toward this goal: Biologically derived or synthetic materials have been used to generate macrovessel tubes (6) and endothelialized microtubes (7); cellular self-assembly has been used to generate random microvasculature (8); microfabrication has been used to define complex geometries in hydrogels at the micro-scale (9); and distributions of cells and biochemical factors within 3D scaffolds (10). Of particular note, the group of Tien has pioneered the use of collagen to template the growth of vascular endothelium (7, 11) and demonstrated appropriate permeability (7), response to cyclic AMP (12), and differential properties as a function of the luminal shear stress and composition of the medium (13). Nonetheless, prior methodologies have been unable to produce endothelialized networks that can undergo substantial remodeling via angiogenesis; elucidate the ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro microvessels for the study of angiogenesis and thrombosis

Zheng

Chen

Craven

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

783

842

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“…The fugitive ink, which defines the embedded vascular network, is composed of a triblock copolymer [i.e., polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-PEO]. This ink can be removed from the fabricated tissue upon cooling to roughly 4°C, where it undergoes a gel-to-fluid transition (14,23). This process yields a pervasive network of interconnected channels, which are then lined with HUVECs.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues

Kolesky

Homan

Skylar‐Scott

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

1,245

1,094

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The advancement of tissue and, ultimately, organ engineering requires the ability to pattern human tissues composed of cells, extracellular matrix, and vasculature with controlled microenvironments that can be sustained over prolonged time periods. To date, bioprinting methods have yielded thin tissues that only survive for short durations. To improve their physiological relevance, we report a method for bioprinting 3D cell-laden, vascularized tissues that exceed 1 cm in thickness and can be perfused on chip for long time periods (>6 wk). Specifically, we integrate parenchyma, stroma, and endothelium into a single thick tissue by coprinting multiple inks composed of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (hNDFs) within a customized extracellular matrix alongside embedded vasculature, which is subsequently lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These thick vascularized tissues are actively perfused with growth factors to differentiate hMSCs toward an osteogenic lineage in situ. This longitudinal study of emergent biological phenomena in complex microenvironments represents a foundational step in human tissue generation.

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“…Notably, our approach is not restricted to the creation of metallic structures. Using other ink designs, such as those based on silk fibroin, hydrogel and fugitive organic inks, we have constructed 3D scaffolds and microvascular networks for tissue engineering and cell culture via direct-write assembly [26][27][28][29][30] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Ahn¹,

Walker²,

Slimmer³

et al. 2011

JoVE

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Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices [1][2][3] . In this paper, we focus on one-(1D), two-(2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes. Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 -250 μm). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, directwrite assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in-or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (< 1 μm) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

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Omnidirectional Printing of 3D Microvascular Networks

Cited by 686 publications

References 34 publications

In vitro microvessels for the study of angiogenesis and thrombosis

In vitro microvessels for the study of angiogenesis and thrombosis

Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

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