Omics Technologies for Profiling Toxin Diversity and Evolution in Snake Venom: Impacts on the Discovery of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents

Modahl, Cassandra M.; Brahma, Rajeev Kungur; Koh, Cho Yeow; Shioi, Narumi; Kini, R. Manjunatha

doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083626

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…The investigation of venom diversity is strongly multidisciplinary, in which omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, play an increasingly large role in the field of venom research [ 43 , 44 ]. Nowadays, the bottom-up (BU) and the top-down (TD) approach have become the gold standard in snake venom proteomics and the advantages and disadvantages of both have been extensively discussed [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old World Vipers—A Review about Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations

Damm

Hempel

Süssmuth

2021

Toxins

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Fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution, snake venoms have frightened but also fascinated humanity and nowadays they constitute potential resources for drug development, therapeutics and antivenoms. The continuous progress of mass spectrometry techniques and latest advances in proteomics workflows enabled toxinologists to decipher venoms by modern omics technologies, so-called ‘venomics’. A tremendous upsurge reporting on snake venom proteomes could be observed. Within this review we focus on the highly venomous and widely distributed subfamily of Viperinae (Serpentes: Viperidae). A detailed public literature database search was performed (2003–2020) and we extensively reviewed all compositional venom studies of the so-called Old-World Vipers. In total, 54 studies resulted in 89 venom proteomes. The Viperinae venoms are dominated by four major, four secondary, six minor and several rare toxin families and peptides, respectively. The multitude of different venomics approaches complicates the comparison of venom composition datasets and therefore we differentiated between non-quantitative and three groups of quantitative workflows. The resulting direct comparisons within these groups show remarkable differences on the intra- and interspecies level across genera with a focus on regional differences. In summary, the present compilation is the first comprehensive up-to-date database on Viperinae venom proteomes and differentiating between analytical methods and workflows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old World Vipers—A Review about Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations

Damm

Hempel

Süssmuth

2021

Toxins

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“…The mechanisms via which these organisms deliver toxic components are related to how toxins have evolved and exerted their ecological functions [2]. As a result of millions of years of evolution, the diversity of molecular structures and activities is immeasurable, with hidden functions and structures only recently disclosed by modern omics techniques associated with classical pharmacological studies [3]. Thus, the holistic molecular genetic analyses of venomous animals utilizing, for example, transcriptome in combination with proteome studies of venom glands, have revealed not only the diversity of a set of substances produced by a given organism that inhabits a particular biome but also the uniqueness of such molecular repertoire expressed as active components of biological materials, such as venoms [4][5][6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cell-Penetrating Peptides Derived from Animal Venoms and Toxins

Rádis‐Baptista

2021

Toxins

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Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) comprise a class of short polypeptides that possess the ability to selectively interact with the cytoplasmic membrane of certain cell types, translocate across plasma membranes and accumulate in the cell cytoplasm, organelles (e.g., the nucleus and mitochondria) and other subcellular compartments. CPPs are either of natural origin or de novo designed and synthesized from segments and patches of larger proteins or designed by algorithms. With such intrinsic properties, along with membrane permeation, translocation and cellular uptake properties, CPPs can intracellularly convey diverse substances and nanomaterials, such as hydrophilic organic compounds and drugs, macromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins), nanoparticles (nanocrystals and polyplexes), metals and radionuclides, which can be covalently attached via CPP N- and C-terminals or through preparation of CPP complexes. A cumulative number of studies on animal toxins, primarily isolated from the venom of arthropods and snakes, have revealed the cell-penetrating activities of venom peptides and toxins, which can be harnessed for application in biomedicine and pharmaceutical biotechnology. In this review, I aimed to collate examples of peptides from animal venoms and toxic secretions that possess the ability to penetrate diverse types of cells. These venom CPPs have been chemically or structurally modified to enhance cell selectivity, bioavailability and a range of target applications. Herein, examples are listed and discussed, including cysteine-stabilized and linear, α-helical peptides, with cationic and amphipathic character, from the venom of insects (e.g., melittin, anoplin, mastoparans), arachnids (latarcin, lycosin, chlorotoxin, maurocalcine/imperatoxin homologs and wasabi receptor toxin), fish (pardaxins), amphibian (bombesin) and snakes (crotamine and cathelicidins).

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“…However, the newer technologies such as venomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and genomics are progressing rapidly for characterization of overall snake venom composition. 33 This should provide further diversification and understanding of snake venom compositions and its biological active proteins for the treatment of heart disease, inflammation, cancer therapy or as a new tool for clinical diagnostic parameters.…”

Section: Snake Venomics and Proteomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

TJNPR

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Snakebite is a major life-threatening disease of many tropical and subtropical provinces particularly; Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. An estimated 5.4 million cases, 2.7 million poisonous cases, and 0.08 to 1.37 million death occurs annually because of snake bites. 1 The incidences of snakebites and associated deaths are high but the data available from many regions is often unrealistic and misleading because of lack of proper registration of snakebite. 2 The people engaged in farming, hunting, fishing and other rural activities are the most vulnerable population to the incidence of snakebite. 3,4 Because of issues relating to treatment costs, loss of earning capacity and ongoing disability, it is considered to be an occupational disease having high impact on economy in an economically vulnerable population. 5 Although, the epidemic potential of snakebite is low but the annual death rate due to snakebite is high than currently NTDs including dengue hemorrhagic fever, cholera, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, Japanese encephalitis, and Chagas disease. 6 The World Health Organization (WHO) had taken important step and included snakebite envenomation in its NTD list in June 2017. 1

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Omics Technologies for Profiling Toxin Diversity and Evolution in Snake Venom: Impacts on the Discovery of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents

Cited by 27 publications

References 210 publications

Old World Vipers—A Review about Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations

Old World Vipers—A Review about Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations

Cell-Penetrating Peptides Derived from Animal Venoms and Toxins

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