Omics sciences for systems biology in Alzheimer’s disease: State-of-the-art of the evidence

Epigenomics and Lipidomics Integration in Alzheimer Disease: Pathways Involved in Early Stages

“…In general, the integration of omics results (lipidomics, metabolomics, proteomics, epigenomics) helps to give a global image of the mechanisms involved in complex diseases [ 28 ]. Nevertheless, this field of research is still underdeveloped in AD and few studies are based on this integration [ 16 ].…”

“…Epigenomic–lipidomic integration would allow the global study of the regulatory mechanisms involved in AD such as lipid homeostasis, oxidative stress, synaptic vesicle trafficking, inflammation, etc. [ 16 ]. These omics data were analysed together to develop an understanding of lipid regulation by epigenomics.…”

Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease: Promise or Challenge?

“…Moreover, integrating data from omics studies holds the potential to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of the entire biological continuum of AD [8]. Deep Neural Network models can be used to elaborate multiple heterogeneous omics data sets (i.e., involving gene expression and DNA methylation from prefrontal region tissue), representing promising tools to improve the accuracy of distinguishing AD patients by identification of typical features in the biological samples [109].…”

“…Finally, the occurrence of co-existing pathologies is a common feature in those cases of neurodegenerative diseases that share a common pathogenic mechanism, consisting of extracellular and/or intracellular insoluble fibril aggregates of abnormal misfolded proteins (e.g., the formation of amyloid plaques, tau tangles, or α-synuclein inclusions). In this context, the system biology approach, which aims at the integration of clinical and multi-omics data, can help to detect and recognize the pathophysiological and molecular changes characteristic of AD or other pathologies, as well as the associated clinical manifestations occurring, in particular, in the pre-clinical stages [8].…”

“…Decades of experimental and clinical research have contributed to unraveling many mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease, such as the β-amyloid hypothesis, but the puzzle remains incomplete. Clinical and biological data from electronic health records and multi-omics sciences represent a potentially unlimited amount of information about biological processes, such as genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes, which can be explored through Big Data exploitation [8,13]. The rapid collection of data from tens of thousands of AD patients far exceeds the human ability to make sense of the disease.…”