Omics Insight on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat for Translational Research Perspective

Abstract

: In the scenario of global warming and climate change, an outbreak of new pests and pathogens has become a serious concern owing to the rapid emergence of arms races, their epidemic infection, and the ability to break down host resistance, etc. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one such evidence that depredates major cereals throughout the world. The symptomatological perplexity and aetiological complexity make this disease very severe, engendering significant losses in the yield. Apart from qualitative and quantitative losses, mycotoxin production solemnly deteriorates the grain quality in addition to life endangerment of humans and animals after consumption of toxified grains above the permissible limit. To minimize this risk, we must be very strategic in designing sustainable management practices constituting cultural, biological, chemical, and host resistance approaches. Even though genetic resistance isthe most effective and environmentally friendly strategy, a huge genetic variation and unstable resistance response limit the holistic deployment of resistance genes in FHB management. Thus, the focus must shift towardsthe editing of susceptible (S) host proteins that are soft targets of newly evolving effector molecules, which ultimately could be exploited to repress the disease development process. Hence, we must understand the pathological, biochemical, and molecular insight of disease development in a nutshell.In the present time,the availability of functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics information on host-pathogen interaction in FHB have constructed various networks whichhelped in understanding the events of pathogenesis and coherent host response(s). So now translation of this information for designing of host defense in the form of desirable resistant variety/genotype is the next step. The insightscollected and presented in this review will be aiding understanding the disease and apprise a solution to the multi-faceted problems which are related to FHB resistance in wheat and other cereals to ensure global food safety and food security.

Isolated and Diagnose of some Fusarium Species Causing Head Blight in Wheat in the Southern Region of Iraq

“…(3). Flowering and the doughy stage, which is a sensitive stage for infection with the disease, and these results are consistent with [20]; [4] and other conditions that also increase the chance of disease spread.…”

“…While in the fungus F. culmorum, pale reddish-brown aerial colonies appeared. The macroconidia are 6 curved with (3)(4). The colony of the fungus F. pseudograminearum is characterized by the fact that the mycelium is white in color, then turns pale orange, then yellow-orange in color.…”

“…Stem rust disease causes losses in most wheat-producing countries around the world, primarily due to direct damage to the grains, which are often completely void of seeds. The disease is prevalent in humid and semi-humid wheat-growing regions worldwide, especially in the United States, Canada, Asia, Europe, Australia, and South America [4]. Many species of Fusarium spp.…”

Insights in Plant-Microbe Interaction through Genomics Approach (Part III)

“…Teli et al . discuss a major threat to most cereal crops such as wheat and barley, commonly known as Fusarium head blight or scab [ 4 ]. The pathogenic strains of Fusarium are generally devastating for the host plants due to their adaptability and multifaceted nature [ 5 ].…”

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Head Blight Disease Causing Fungus Fusarium graminearum in Northern Wheat Belt of India

“…In addition to India, chronic appearance of the disease has been observed in different corners of the world and major regions including China, Brazil, USA, Canada, the former USSR, Eastern and Western Europe, Romania, etc. which account for more than 50% of global production [ 10 , 11 ]. In recent reports, it has been cautioned that Fusarium head blight is liable to enhance under reduced tillage-based wheat cultivation and further aggravated with climate shift especially in the northern part of India, which is recognized as the main wheat basket of India [ 4 ].…”