Omics Approaches for Engineering Wheat Production under Abiotic Stresses

Abstract

Abiotic stresses greatly influenced wheat productivity executed by environmental factors such as drought, salt, water submergence and heavy metals. The effective management at the molecular level is mandatory for a thorough understanding of plant response to abiotic stress. Understanding the molecular mechanism of stress tolerance is complex and requires information at the omic level. In the areas of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics enormous progress has been made in the omics field. The rising field of ionomics is also being utilized for examining abiotic stress resilience in wheat. Omic approaches produce a huge amount of data and sufficient developments in computational tools have been accomplished for efficient analysis. However, the integration of omic-scale information to address complex genetics and physiological questions is still a challenge. Though, the incorporation of omic-scale data to address complex genetic qualities and physiological inquiries is as yet a challenge. In this review, we have reported advances in omic tools in the perspective of conventional and present day approaches being utilized to dismember abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. Attention was given to methodologies, for example, quantitative trait loci (QTL), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS). Comparative genomics and candidate genes methodologies are additionally talked about considering the identification of potential genomic loci, genes and biochemical pathways engaged with stress resilience in wheat. This review additionally gives an extensive list of accessible online omic assets for wheat and its effective use. We have additionally addressed the significance of genomics in the integrated approach and perceived high-throughput multi-dimensional phenotyping as a significant restricting component for the enhancement of abiotic stress resistance in wheat.

Facing Climate Change: Biotechnology of Iconic Mediterranean Woody Crops

“…The development of high-throughput phenotyping platforms complements fruit tree genomics bridging phenotype and genotype, allowing GWAS and network analyses expanding our knowledge on genetic responses linked to the development of particular phenotype traits. In the field of abiotic stress tolerance, as an example, the integration of -omics for the engineering and selection of abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes has been successfully applied to staple and forage crops (Deshmukh et al, 2014; Singh et al, 2015; Shah et al, 2018). Nevertheless, despite the existing technological gap between fruit trees, staple and forage crops and model plants in terms of genomic resources, databases and tools, the situation is changing rapidly and the amount of sequenced genomes and gene association studies increasing.…”

Advances in Omics Approaches for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato

“…Therefore, GS is the best approach to predict genetic values for selection by utilizing all available molecular markers in combination with the phenotypic data of a training population. In this approach, a model that is used to establish and evaluate genotypic and phenotypic data to assess the phenotypic variation based on their whole genome genotypes (genetic composition) [19]. To determine breeding values, different GS algorithms like non-linear regressions (RKHS and RF), Bayesian approaches (Bayes A and B), and penalized regressions (RR, LASSO, and EN) have been developed.…”

“…Such a resource will be helpful for mapping studies as well as molecular biology research focusing on understanding the genetic regulation of different traits in tomato.Recent technological advances have created several omics branches dealing specifically with the molecular components of cellular biology. To date, the major omics approaches include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and ionomics [5,18,19] (Figure 1). Omics approaches provide a holistic view of molecules at the cellular, tissues, or organism level.…”

Bioinformatics Resources for Plant Abiotic Stress Responses: State of the Art and Opportunities in the Fast Evolving -Omics Era

“…This is why extensive studies have been focused on understanding the molecular basis of abiotic stress response and the research for improved, productive plants, adapted for stress tolerance [10,13,20,22]. These activities were strongly favored by the evolving -omics technologies, which provide key strategies to promote molecular investigations on plant organization and functionality, also under stress conditions [23][24][25][26], and novel approaches for omics assisted crop improvement [27,28]. Since their initial introduction, they permitted unexpected views on different levels of cell functionality, ranging from genome to transcriptome, to proteome and metabolome, and more recently covering also investigation on chromatin organization by epigenome approaches [29][30][31][32].…”